friendica_2021-01/doc/Install.md

Friendica Installation

We've tried very hard to ensure that Friendica will run on commodity hosting platforms - such as those used to host Wordpress blogs and Drupal websites. We offer a manual and an automatic installation. But be aware that Friendica is more than a simple web application. It is a complex communications system which more closely resembles an email server than a web server. For reliability and performance, messages are delivered in the background and are queued for later delivery when sites are down. This kind of functionality requires a bit more of the host system than the typical blog. Not every PHP/MySQL hosting provider will be able to support Friendica. Many will. But please review the requirements and confirm these with your hosting provider prior to installation.

Also if you encounter installation issues, please let us know via the helper or the developer forum or file an issue. Please be as clear as you can about your operating environment and provide as much detail as possible about any error messages you may see, so that we can prevent it from happening in the future. Due to the large variety of operating systems and PHP platforms in existence we may have only limited ability to debug your PHP installation or acquire any missing modules - but we will do our best to solve any general code issues. If you do not have a Friendica account yet, you can register a temporary one at tryfriendica.de and join the forums mentioned above from there. The account will expire after 7 days, but you can ask the server admin to keep your account longer, should the problem not be resolved after that.

Before you begin: Choose a domain name or subdomain name for your server. Put some thought into this. Changing it after installation is currently not supported. Things will break, and some of your friends may have difficulty communicating with you. We plan to address this limitation in a future release.

Requirements

• Apache with mod-rewrite enabled and "Options All" so you can use a local .htaccess file
• PHP 5.6.1+ (PHP 7 is recommended for performance)
  • PHP command line access with register_argc_argv set to true in the php.ini file
  • Curl, GD, PDO, MySQLi, hash, xml, zip and OpenSSL extensions
  • The POSIX module of PHP needs to be activated (e.g. RHEL, CentOS have disabled it)
  • some form of email server or email gateway such that PHP mail() works
• Mysql 5.5.3+ or an equivalant alternative for MySQL (MariaDB, Percona Server etc.)
• the ability to schedule jobs with cron (Linux/Mac) or Scheduled Tasks (Windows) (Note: other options are presented in Section 7 of this document.)
• Installation into a top-level domain or sub-domain (without a directory/path component in the URL) is preferred. Directory paths will not be as convenient to use and have not been thoroughly tested.
• If your hosting provider doesn't allow Unix shell access, you might have trouble getting everything to work.

Installation procedure

Get Friendica

Unpack the Friendica files into the root of your web server document area. If you are able to do so, we recommend using git to clone the source repository rather than to use a packaged tar or zip file. This makes the software much easier to update. The Linux commands to clone the repository into a directory "mywebsite" would be

git clone https://github.com/friendica/friendica.git -b master mywebsite
cd mywebsite
bin/composer.phar install

Make sure the folder view/smarty3 exists and is writable by the webserver user, in this case www-data

mkdir view/smarty3
chown www-data:www-data view/smarty3
chmod 775 view/smarty3

Get the addons by going into your website folder.

cd mywebsite

Clone the addon repository (separately):

git clone https://github.com/friendica/friendica-addons.git -b master addon

If you copy the directory tree to your webserver, make sure that you also copy .htaccess - as "dot" files are often hidden and aren't normally copied.

If you want to use the development version of Friendica you can switch to the devel branch in the repository by running

git checkout develop
bin/composer.phar install
cd addon
git checkout develop

please be aware that the develop branch may break your Friendica node at any time. If you encounter a bug, please let us know.

Create a database

Create an empty database and note the access details (hostname, username, password, database name).

Friendica needs the permission to create and delete fields and tables in its own database.

With newer releases of MySQL (5.7.17 or newer), you might need to set the sql_mode to '' (blank). Use this setting when the installer is unable to create all the needed tables due to a timestamp format problem. In this case find the [mysqld] section in your my.cnf file and add the line :

sql_mode = ''

Restart mysql and you should be fine.

Option A: Run the manual installer

Point your web browser to the new site and follow the instructions. Please note any error messages and correct these before continuing.

If you need to specify a port for the connection to the database, you can do so in the host name setting for the database.

If the manual installation fails for any reason, check the following:

• Does "config/local.ini.php" exist? If not, edit config/local-sample.ini.php and change the system settings.
• Rename to config/local.ini.php.
• Is the database is populated? If not, import the contents of database.sql with phpmyadmin or the mysql command line.

At this point visit your website again, and register your personal account. Registration errors should all be recoverable automatically. If you get any critical failure at this point, it generally indicates the database was not installed correctly. You might wish to move/rename config/local.ini.php to another name and empty (called 'dropping') the database tables, so that you can start fresh.

Option B: Run the automatic install script

You have the following options to automatically install Friendica:

• creating a prepared config file (f.e. prepared.ini.php)
• using environment variables (f.e. MYSQL_HOST)
• using options (f.e. --dbhost <host>)

You can combine environment variables and options, but be aware that options are prioritized over environment variables.

For more information during the installation, you can use this command line option

bin/console autoinstall -v

If you wish to include all optional checks, use -a like this statement:

bin/console autoinstall -a

If the automatic installation fails for any reason, check the following:

• Does config/local.ini.php already exist? If yes, the automatic installation won't start
• Are the options in the config/local.ini.php correct? If not, edit them directly.
• Is the empty MySQL-database created? If not, create it.

B.1: Config file

You can use a prepared config file like local-sample.ini.php.

Navigate to the main Friendica directory and execute the following command:

bin/console autoinstall -f <prepared.ini.php>

B.2: Environment variables

There are two types of environment variables.

• those you can use in normal mode too (Currently just database credentials)
• those you can only use during installation (because Friendica will normally ignore it)

You can use the options during installation too and skip some of the environment variables.

Database credentials

if you don't use the option --savedb during installation, the DB credentials will not be saved in the config/local.ini.php.

• MYSQL_HOST The host of the mysql/mariadb database
• MYSQL_PORT The port of the mysql/mariadb database
• MYSQL_USERNAME The username of the mysql database login (used for mysql)
• MYSQL_USER The username of the mysql database login (used for mariadb)
• MYSQL_PASSWORD The password of the mysql/mariadb database login
• MYSQL_DATABASE The name of the mysql/mariadb database

Friendica settings

This variables wont be used at normal Friendica runtime. Instead, they get saved into config/local.ini.php.

• FRIENDICA_PHP_PATH The path of the PHP binary
• FRIENDICA_ADMIN_MAIL The admin email address of Friendica (this email will be used for admin access)
• FRIENDICA_TZ The timezone of Friendica
• FRIENDICA_LANG The langauge of Friendica

Navigate to the main Friendica directory and execute the following command:

bin/console autoinstall [--savedb]

B.3: Execution options

All options will be saved in the config/local.ini.php and are overruling the associated environment variables.

• -H|--dbhost <host> The host of the mysql/mariadb database (env MYSQL_HOST)
• -p|--dbport <port> The port of the mysql/mariadb database (env MYSQL_PORT)
• -U|--dbuser <username> The username of the mysql/mariadb database login (env MYSQL_USER or MYSQL_USERNAME)
• -P|--dbpass <password> The password of the mysql/mariadb database login (env MYSQL_PASSWORD)
• -d|--dbdata <database> The name of the mysql/mariadb database (env MYSQL_DATABASE)
• -b|--phppath <path> The path of the PHP binary (env FRIENDICA_PHP_PATH)
• -A|--admin <mail> The admin email address of Friendica (env FRIENDICA_ADMIN_MAIL)
• -T|--tz <timezone> The timezone of Friendica (env FRIENDICA_TZ)
• -L|--land <language> The language of Friendica (env FRIENDICA_LANG)

Navigate to the main Friendica directory and execute the following command:

bin/console autoinstall [options]

Prepare .htaccess file

Copy .htaccess-dist to .htaccess (be careful under Windows) to have working mod-rewrite again. If you have installed Friendica into a sub directory, like /friendica/ set this path in RewriteBase accordingly.

Example:

cp .htacces-dist .htaccess

Note: Do not rename the .htaccess-dist file as it is tracked by GIT and renaming will cause a dirty working directory.

Verify the "host-meta" page is working

Friendica should respond automatically to important addresses under the /.well-known/ rewrite path. One critical URL would look like, for example, https://example.com/.well-known/host-meta It must be visible to the public and must respond with an XML file that is automatically customized to your site.

If that URL is not working, it is possible that some other software is using the /.well-known/ path. Other symptoms may include an error message in the Admin settings that says "host-meta is not reachable on your system. This is a severe configuration issue that prevents server to server communication." Another common error related to host-meta is the "Invalid profile URL."

Check for a .well-known directory that did not come with Friendica. The preferred configuration is to remove the directory, however this is not always possible. If there is any /.well-known/.htaccess file, it could interfere with this Friendica core requirement. You should remove any RewriteRules from that file, or remove that whole file if appropriate. It may be necessary to chmod the /.well-known/.htaccess file if you were not given write permissions by default.

Set up the worker

Set up a cron job or scheduled task to run the worker once every 5-10 minutes in order to perform background processing. Example:

cd /base/directory; /path/to/php bin/worker.php

Change "/base/directory", and "/path/to/php" as appropriate for your situation.

If you are using a Linux server, run "crontab -e" and add a line like the one shown, substituting for your unique paths and settings:

*/10 * * * * cd /home/myname/mywebsite; /usr/bin/php bin/worker.php

You can generally find the location of PHP by executing "which php". If you run into trouble with this section please contact your hosting provider for assistance. Friendica will not work correctly if you cannot perform this step.

If it is not possible to set up a cron job then please activate the "frontend worker" in the administration interface.

Once you have installed Friendica and created an admin account as part of the process, you can access the admin panel of your installation and do most of the server wide configuration from there

Set up a backup plan

Bad things will happen. Let there be a hardware failure, a corrupted database or whatever you can think of. So once the installation of your Friendica node is done, you should make yourself a backup plan.

The most important file is the config/local.ini.php file. As it stores all your data, you should also have a recent dump of your Friendica database at hand, should you have to recover your node.