friendica_2021-01/INSTALL.txt

Friendica Installation

We've tried very hard to ensure that Friendica will run on commodity hosting 
platforms - such as those used to host Wordpress blogs and Drupal websites. 
But be aware that Friendica is more than a simple web application. It is a 
complex communications system which more closely resembles an email server 
than a web server. For reliability and performance, messages are delivered in
the background and are queued for later delivery when sites are down. This
kind of functionality requires a bit more of the host system than the typical
blog. Not every PHP/MySQL hosting provider will be able to support Friendica. 
Many will. But please review the requirements and confirm these with your 
hosting provider prior to installation.

Before you begin: Choose a domain name or subdomain name for your server.
Put some thought into this - because changing it is currently not-supported.
Things will break, and some of your friends may have difficulty communicating
with you. We plan to address this limitation in a future release. Also decide
if you wish to connect with members of the Diaspora network, as this will 
impact the installation requirements.

Decide if you will use SSL and obtain an SSL cert. Communications with the
Diaspora network MAY require both SSL AND an SSL cert signed by a CA which is 
recognised by the major browsers. Friendica will work with self-signed certs
but Diaspora communication may not. For best results, install your cert PRIOR
to installing Friendica and when visiting your site for the initial 
installation in step 5, please use the https: link. (Use the http: or non-SSL 
link if your cert is self-signed). 
 

1. Requirements
	- Apache with mod-rewrite enabled and "Options All" so you can use a 
local .htaccess file

	- PHP 5.2+. The later the better. PHP 5.3 is required for communications 
with the Diaspora network and improved security.

		- PHP *command line* access with register_argc_argv set to true in the 
php.ini file [or see 'poormancron' in section 8]

		- curl, gd (with at least jpeg support), mysql, mbstring, mcrypt, and openssl extensions

		- some form of email server or email gateway such that PHP mail() works

	- Mysql 5.x

	- ability to schedule jobs with cron (Linux/Mac) or Scheduled Tasks
(Windows) [Note: other options are presented in Section 8 of this document]

	- Installation into a top-level domain or sub-domain (without a 
directory/path component in the URL) is preferred. This is REQUIRED if
you wish to communicate with the Diaspora network.


	- For alternative server configurations (such as Nginx server and MariaDB 
	database engine), refer to the wiki at https://github.com/friendica/friendica/wiki

2. Unpack the Friendica files into the root of your web server document area.

	- If you copy the directory tree to your webserver, make sure
	that you also copy .htaccess - as "dot" files are often hidden 
	and aren't normally copied.

3. Create an empty database and note the access details (hostname, username, 
password, database name).

    - Friendica needs the permission to create and delete fields and tables in its own database.


4. If you know in advance that it will be impossible for the web server to 
write or create files in your web directory, create an empty file called 
.htconfig.php and make it writable by the web server.

5. Visit your website with a web browser and follow the instructions. Please 
note any error messages and correct these before continuing. If you are using
SSL with a known signature authority (recommended), use the https: link to your
website. If you are using a self-signed cert or no cert, use the http: link. 

6. *If* the automated installation fails for any reason, check the following:

	- ".htconfig.php" exists 
		If not, edit htconfig.php and change system settings. Rename 
to .htconfig.php
	-  Database is populated.
		If not, import the contents of "database.sql" with phpmyadmin 
or mysql command line

7. At this point visit your website again, and register your personal account. 
Registration errors should all be recoverable automatically. 
If you get any *critical* failure at this point, it generally indicates the
database was not installed correctly. You might wish to move/rename 
.htconfig.php to another name and empty (called 'dropping') the database 
tables, so that you can start fresh.  

****************************************************************************
****************************************************************************
********          THIS NEXT STEP IS IMPORTANT!!!!                ***********
****************************************************************************
****************************************************************************

8. Set up a cron job or scheduled task to run the poller once every 5-10 
minutes to pick up the recent "public" postings of your friends. Example:

	cd /base/directory; /path/to/php include/poller.php

Change "/base/directory", and "/path/to/php" as appropriate for your situation.

If you are using a Linux server, run "crontab -e" and add a line like the 
one shown, substituting for your unique paths and settings:

*/10 * * * *	cd /home/myname/mywebsite; /usr/bin/php include/poller.php

You can generally find the location of PHP by executing "which php". If you 
have troubles with this section please contact your hosting provider for 
assistance. Friendica will not work correctly if you cannot perform this step.

You should also be sure that $a->config['php_path'] is set correctly, it should
look like (changing it to the correct PHP location)

$a->config['php_path'] = '/usr/local/php53/bin/php'
  
Alternative: You may be able to use the 'poormancron' plugin to perform this
step if you are using a recent Friendica release. 'poormancron' may result in
perfomance and memory issues and is only suitable for small sites with one or
two users and a handful of contacts. To do this, edit the file 
".htconfig.php" and look for a line describing your plugins. On a fresh 
installation, it will look like

$a->config['system']['addon'] = 'js_upload';

This indicates the "js_upload" addon module is enabled. You may add additional 
addons/plugins using this same line in the configuration file. Change it to 
read

$a->config['system']['addon'] = 'js_upload,poormancron';

and save your changes.

9. (Optional) Reverse-proxying and HTTPS

Friendica looks for some well-known HTTP headers indicating a reverse-proxy
terminating an HTTPS connection. While the standard from RFC 7239 specifies
the use of the `Forwaded` header.

    Forwarded: for=192.0.2.1; proto=https; by=192.0.2.2

Friendica also supports a number on non-standard headers in common use.


    X-Forwarded-Proto: https

    Front-End-Https: on

    X-Forwarded-Ssl: on

It is however preferable to use the standard approach if configuring a new server.
In Nginx, this can be done as follows (assuming Friendica runs on port 8080).

    location / {
            if ( $scheme != https ) {		# Force Redirect to HTTPS
                    return 302 https://$host$uri;
            }
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Forwarded "for=$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proto=$scheme";
    }

#####################################################################

		If things don't work...

#####################################################################


#####################################################################
- If you get the message 
	"System is currently unavailable. Please try again later"
#####################################################################
	
	Check your database settings. It usually means your database could not 
be opened or accessed. If the database resides on the same machine, check that
the database server name is "localhost". 

#####################################################################
- 500 Internal Error
#####################################################################

	This could be the result of one of our Apache directives not being 
supported by your version of Apache. Examine your apache server logs.
	You might remove the line "Options -Indexes" from the .htaccess file if 
you are using a Windows server as this has been known to cause problems.
Also check your file permissions. Your website and all contents must generally 
be world-readable.

	It is likely that your web server reported the source of the problem in
its error log files. Please review these system error logs to determine what 
caused the problem. Often this will need to be resolved with your hosting
provider or (if self-hosted) your web server configuration. 

#####################################################################
- 400 and 4xx "File not found" errors
#####################################################################

	First check your file permissions. Your website and all contents must 
generally be world-readable.

	Ensure that mod-rewite is installed and working, and that your
.htaccess file is being used. To verify the latter, create a file test.out
containing the word "test" in the top directory of Friendica, make it world 
readable and point your web browser to

http://yoursitenamehere.com/test.out

	This file should be blocked. You should get a permission denied message.

	If you see the word "test" your Apache configuration is not allowing
your .htaccess file to be used (there are rules in this file to block access
to any file with .out at the end, as these are typically used for system logs).

	Make certain the .htaccess file exists and is readable by everybody, then 
look for the existence of "AllowOverride None" in the Apache server 
configuration for your site. This will need to be changed to 
"AllowOverride All".  

	If you do not see the word "test", your .htaccess is working, but it is 
likely that mod-rewrite is not installed in your web server or is not working.

	On most flavour of Linux,

% a2enmod rewrite
% /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

	Consult your hosting provider, experts on your particular Linux 
distribution or (if Windows) the provider of your Apache server software if 
you need to change either of these and can not figure out how. There is 
a lot of help available on the web. Google "mod-rewrite" along with the 
name of your operating system distribution or Apache package (if using 
Windows).

  
#####################################################################
- If you are unable to write the file .htconfig.php during installation 
due to permissions issues:
#####################################################################

	create an empty file with that name and give it world-write permission.
For Linux:

% touch .htconfig.php
% chmod 777 .htconfig.php

Retry the installation. As soon as the database has been created, 

******* this is important *********

% chmod 755 .htconfig.php

#####################################################################
- Some configurations with "suhosin" security are configured without
an ability to run external processes. Friendica requires this ability.
Following are some notes provided by one of our members.
#####################################################################

On my server I use the php protection system Suhosin
[http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/]. One of the things it does is to block
certain functions like proc_open, as configured in /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini:

 suhosin.executor.func.blacklist = proc_open, ...

For those sites like Friendica that really need these functions they can be
enabled, e.g. in /etc/apache2/sites-available/friendica:

 <Directory /var/www/friendica/>
  php_admin_value suhosin.executor.func.blacklist none
  php_admin_value suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist none
 </Directory>

This enables every function for Friendica if accessed via browser, but not for
the cronjob that is called via php command line. I attempted to enable it for
cron by using something like

 */10 * * * * cd /var/www/friendica/friendica/ && sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php
-d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none -d suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist=none
-f include/poller.php

This worked well for simple test cases, but the friendica-cron still failed with
a fatal error:
suhosin[22962]: ALERT - function within blacklist called: proc_open() (attacker
'REMOTE_ADDR not set', file '/var/www/friendica/friendica/boot.php', line 1341)

After a while I noticed, that include/poller.php calls further php script via
proc_open. These scripts themselves also use proc_open and fail, because they
are NOT called with -d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none.

So the simple solution is to put the correct parameters into .htconfig.php:
 // Location of PHP command line processor
 $a->config['php_path'] = '/usr/bin/php -d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none
-d suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist=none';


This is obvious as soon as you notice that the friendica-cron uses proc_open to
execute php-scripts that also use proc_open, but it took me quite some time to
find that out. I hope this saves some time for other people using suhosin with
function blacklists.