<?php /** * @file boot.php * This file defines some global constants and includes the central App class. */ /** * Friendica * * Friendica is a communications platform for integrated social communications * utilising decentralised communications and linkage to several indie social * projects - as well as popular mainstream providers. * * Our mission is to free our friends and families from the clutches of * data-harvesting corporations, and pave the way to a future where social * communications are free and open and flow between alternate providers as * easily as email does today. */ use Friendica\App; use Friendica\BaseObject; use Friendica\Core\Config; use Friendica\Core\PConfig; use Friendica\Core\Protocol; use Friendica\Core\System; use Friendica\Database\DBA; use Friendica\Model\Contact; use Friendica\Model\Term; use Friendica\Util\BasePath; use Friendica\Util\DateTimeFormat; define('FRIENDICA_PLATFORM', 'Friendica'); define('FRIENDICA_CODENAME', 'Dalmatian Bellflower'); define('FRIENDICA_VERSION', '2019.03'); define('DFRN_PROTOCOL_VERSION', '2.23'); define('NEW_UPDATE_ROUTINE_VERSION', 1170); /** * @brief Constant with a HTML line break. * * Contains a HTML line break (br) element and a real carriage return with line * feed for the source. * This can be used in HTML and JavaScript where needed a line break. */ define('EOL', "<br />\r\n"); /** * @brief Image storage quality. * * Lower numbers save space at cost of image detail. * For ease of upgrade, please do not change here. Set system.jpegquality = n in config/local.config.php, * where n is between 1 and 100, and with very poor results below about 50 */ define('JPEG_QUALITY', 100); /** * system.png_quality = n where is between 0 (uncompressed) to 9 */ define('PNG_QUALITY', 8); /** * An alternate way of limiting picture upload sizes. Specify the maximum pixel * length that pictures are allowed to be (for non-square pictures, it will apply * to the longest side). Pictures longer than this length will be resized to be * this length (on the longest side, the other side will be scaled appropriately). * Modify this value using * * 'system' => [ * 'max_image_length' => 'n', * ... * ], * * in config/local.config.php * * If you don't want to set a maximum length, set to -1. The default value is * defined by 'MAX_IMAGE_LENGTH' below. */ define('MAX_IMAGE_LENGTH', -1); /** * Not yet used */ define('DEFAULT_DB_ENGINE', 'InnoDB'); /** * @name SSL Policy * * SSL redirection policies * @{ */ define('SSL_POLICY_NONE', 0); define('SSL_POLICY_FULL', 1); define('SSL_POLICY_SELFSIGN', 2); /* @}*/ /** @deprecated since version 2019.03, please use \Friendica\Module\Register::CLOSED instead */ define('REGISTER_CLOSED', \Friendica\Module\Register::CLOSED); /** @deprecated since version 2019.03, please use \Friendica\Module\Register::APPROVE instead */ define('REGISTER_APPROVE', \Friendica\Module\Register::APPROVE); /** @deprecated since version 2019.03, please use \Friendica\Module\Register::OPEN instead */ define('REGISTER_OPEN', \Friendica\Module\Register::OPEN); /** * @name CP * * Type of the community page * @{ */ define('CP_NO_INTERNAL_COMMUNITY', -2); define('CP_NO_COMMUNITY_PAGE', -1); define('CP_USERS_ON_SERVER', 0); define('CP_GLOBAL_COMMUNITY', 1); define('CP_USERS_AND_GLOBAL', 2); /** * @} */ /** * These numbers are used in stored permissions * and existing allocations MUST NEVER BE CHANGED * OR RE-ASSIGNED! You may only add to them. */ $netgroup_ids = [ Protocol::DFRN => (-1), Protocol::ZOT => (-2), Protocol::OSTATUS => (-3), Protocol::FEED => (-4), Protocol::DIASPORA => (-5), Protocol::MAIL => (-6), Protocol::FACEBOOK => (-8), Protocol::LINKEDIN => (-9), Protocol::XMPP => (-10), Protocol::MYSPACE => (-11), Protocol::GPLUS => (-12), Protocol::PUMPIO => (-13), Protocol::TWITTER => (-14), Protocol::DIASPORA2 => (-15), Protocol::STATUSNET => (-16), Protocol::NEWS => (-18), Protocol::ICALENDAR => (-19), Protocol::PNUT => (-20), Protocol::PHANTOM => (-127), ]; /** * Maximum number of "people who like (or don't like) this" that we will list by name */ define('MAX_LIKERS', 75); /** * @name Notify * * Email notification options * @{ */ define('NOTIFY_INTRO', 1); define('NOTIFY_CONFIRM', 2); define('NOTIFY_WALL', 4); define('NOTIFY_COMMENT', 8); define('NOTIFY_MAIL', 16); define('NOTIFY_SUGGEST', 32); define('NOTIFY_PROFILE', 64); define('NOTIFY_TAGSELF', 128); define('NOTIFY_TAGSHARE', 256); define('NOTIFY_POKE', 512); define('NOTIFY_SHARE', 1024); define('SYSTEM_EMAIL', 16384); define('NOTIFY_SYSTEM', 32768); /* @}*/ /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::UNKNOWN instead */ define('TERM_UNKNOWN', Term::UNKNOWN); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::HASHTAG instead */ define('TERM_HASHTAG', Term::HASHTAG); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::MENTION instead */ define('TERM_MENTION', Term::MENTION); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::CATEGORY instead */ define('TERM_CATEGORY', Term::CATEGORY); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::PCATEGORY instead */ define('TERM_PCATEGORY', Term::PCATEGORY); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::FILE instead */ define('TERM_FILE', Term::FILE); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::SAVEDSEARCH instead */ define('TERM_SAVEDSEARCH', Term::SAVEDSEARCH); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::CONVERSATION instead */ define('TERM_CONVERSATION', Term::CONVERSATION); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::OBJECT_TYPE_POST instead */ define('TERM_OBJ_POST', Term::OBJECT_TYPE_POST); /** @deprecated since 2019.03, use Term::OBJECT_TYPE_PHOTO instead */ define('TERM_OBJ_PHOTO', Term::OBJECT_TYPE_PHOTO); /** * @name Namespaces * * Various namespaces we may need to parse * @{ */ define('NAMESPACE_ZOT', 'http://purl.org/zot'); define('NAMESPACE_DFRN', 'http://purl.org/macgirvin/dfrn/1.0'); define('NAMESPACE_THREAD', 'http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'); define('NAMESPACE_TOMB', 'http://purl.org/atompub/tombstones/1.0'); define('NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY', 'http://activitystrea.ms/spec/1.0/'); define('NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA', 'http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/'); define('NAMESPACE_MEDIA', 'http://purl.org/syndication/atommedia'); define('NAMESPACE_SALMON_ME', 'http://salmon-protocol.org/ns/magic-env'); define('NAMESPACE_OSTATUSSUB', 'http://ostatus.org/schema/1.0/subscribe'); define('NAMESPACE_GEORSS', 'http://www.georss.org/georss'); define('NAMESPACE_POCO', 'http://portablecontacts.net/spec/1.0'); define('NAMESPACE_FEED', 'http://schemas.google.com/g/2010#updates-from'); define('NAMESPACE_OSTATUS', 'http://ostatus.org/schema/1.0'); define('NAMESPACE_STATUSNET', 'http://status.net/schema/api/1/'); define('NAMESPACE_ATOM1', 'http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'); define('NAMESPACE_MASTODON', 'http://mastodon.social/schema/1.0'); /* @}*/ /** * @name Activity * * Activity stream defines * @{ */ define('ACTIVITY_LIKE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'like'); define('ACTIVITY_DISLIKE', NAMESPACE_DFRN . '/dislike'); define('ACTIVITY_ATTEND', NAMESPACE_ZOT . '/activity/attendyes'); define('ACTIVITY_ATTENDNO', NAMESPACE_ZOT . '/activity/attendno'); define('ACTIVITY_ATTENDMAYBE', NAMESPACE_ZOT . '/activity/attendmaybe'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_HEART', NAMESPACE_DFRN . '/heart'); define('ACTIVITY_FRIEND', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'make-friend'); define('ACTIVITY_REQ_FRIEND', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'request-friend'); define('ACTIVITY_UNFRIEND', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'remove-friend'); define('ACTIVITY_FOLLOW', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'follow'); define('ACTIVITY_UNFOLLOW', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'stop-following'); define('ACTIVITY_JOIN', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'join'); define('ACTIVITY_POST', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'post'); define('ACTIVITY_UPDATE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'update'); define('ACTIVITY_TAG', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'tag'); define('ACTIVITY_FAVORITE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'favorite'); define('ACTIVITY_UNFAVORITE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'unfavorite'); define('ACTIVITY_SHARE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'share'); define('ACTIVITY_DELETE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'delete'); define('ACTIVITY_POKE', NAMESPACE_ZOT . '/activity/poke'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_BOOKMARK', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'bookmark'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_COMMENT', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'comment'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_NOTE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'note'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_PERSON', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'person'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_IMAGE', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'image'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_PHOTO', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'photo'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_VIDEO', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'video'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_P_PHOTO', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'profile-photo'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_ALBUM', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'photo-album'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_EVENT', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'event'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_GROUP', NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY_SCHEMA . 'group'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_TAGTERM', NAMESPACE_DFRN . '/tagterm'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_PROFILE', NAMESPACE_DFRN . '/profile'); define('ACTIVITY_OBJ_QUESTION', 'http://activityschema.org/object/question'); /* @}*/ /** * @name Gravity * * Item weight for query ordering * @{ */ define('GRAVITY_PARENT', 0); define('GRAVITY_ACTIVITY', 3); define('GRAVITY_COMMENT', 6); define('GRAVITY_UNKNOWN', 9); /* @}*/ /** * @name Priority * * Process priority for the worker * @{ */ define('PRIORITY_UNDEFINED', 0); define('PRIORITY_CRITICAL', 10); define('PRIORITY_HIGH', 20); define('PRIORITY_MEDIUM', 30); define('PRIORITY_LOW', 40); define('PRIORITY_NEGLIGIBLE', 50); /* @}*/ /** * @name Social Relay settings * * See here: https://github.com/jaywink/social-relay * and here: https://wiki.diasporafoundation.org/Relay_servers_for_public_posts * @{ */ define('SR_SCOPE_NONE', ''); define('SR_SCOPE_ALL', 'all'); define('SR_SCOPE_TAGS', 'tags'); /* @}*/ // Normally this constant is defined - but not if "pcntl" isn't installed if (!defined("SIGTERM")) { define("SIGTERM", 15); } /** * Depending on the PHP version this constant does exist - or not. * See here: http://php.net/manual/en/curl.constants.php#117928 */ if (!defined('CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT')) { define('CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT', CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED); } /** * @brief Retrieve the App structure * * Useful in functions which require it but don't get it passed to them * * @deprecated since version 2018.09 * @see BaseObject::getApp() * @return App */ function get_app() { return BaseObject::getApp(); } /** * Return the provided variable value if it exists and is truthy or the provided * default value instead. * * Works with initialized variables and potentially uninitialized array keys * * Usages: * - defaults($var, $default) * - defaults($array, 'key', $default) * * @param array $args * @brief Returns a defaut value if the provided variable or array key is falsy * @return mixed */ function defaults(...$args) { if (count($args) < 2) { throw new BadFunctionCallException('defaults() requires at least 2 parameters'); } if (count($args) > 3) { throw new BadFunctionCallException('defaults() cannot use more than 3 parameters'); } if (count($args) === 3 && is_null($args[1])) { throw new BadFunctionCallException('defaults($arr, $key, $def) $key is null'); } // The default value always is the last argument $return = array_pop($args); if (count($args) == 2 && is_array($args[0]) && !empty($args[0][$args[1]])) { $return = $args[0][$args[1]]; } if (count($args) == 1 && !empty($args[0])) { $return = $args[0]; } return $return; } /** * @brief Used to end the current process, after saving session state. * @deprecated */ function killme() { exit(); } /** * @brief Returns the user id of locally logged in user or false. * * @return int|bool user id or false */ function local_user() { if (!empty($_SESSION['authenticated']) && !empty($_SESSION['uid'])) { return intval($_SESSION['uid']); } return false; } /** * @brief Returns the public contact id of logged in user or false. * * @return int|bool public contact id or false */ function public_contact() { static $public_contact_id = false; if (!$public_contact_id && !empty($_SESSION['authenticated'])) { if (!empty($_SESSION['my_address'])) { // Local user $public_contact_id = intval(Contact::getIdForURL($_SESSION['my_address'], 0, true)); } elseif (!empty($_SESSION['visitor_home'])) { // Remote user $public_contact_id = intval(Contact::getIdForURL($_SESSION['visitor_home'], 0, true)); } } elseif (empty($_SESSION['authenticated'])) { $public_contact_id = false; } return $public_contact_id; } /** * @brief Returns contact id of authenticated site visitor or false * * @return int|bool visitor_id or false */ function remote_user() { // You cannot be both local and remote. // Unncommented by rabuzarus because remote authentication to local // profiles wasn't possible anymore (2018-04-12). // if (local_user()) { // return false; // } if (empty($_SESSION)) { return false; } if (!empty($_SESSION['authenticated']) && !empty($_SESSION['visitor_id'])) { return intval($_SESSION['visitor_id']); } return false; } /** * @brief Show an error message to user. * * This function save text in session, to be shown to the user at next page load * * @param string $s - Text of notice */ function notice($s) { if (empty($_SESSION)) { return; } $a = \get_app(); if (empty($_SESSION['sysmsg'])) { $_SESSION['sysmsg'] = []; } if ($a->interactive) { $_SESSION['sysmsg'][] = $s; } } /** * @brief Show an info message to user. * * This function save text in session, to be shown to the user at next page load * * @param string $s - Text of notice */ function info($s) { $a = \get_app(); if (local_user() && PConfig::get(local_user(), 'system', 'ignore_info')) { return; } if (empty($_SESSION['sysmsg_info'])) { $_SESSION['sysmsg_info'] = []; } if ($a->interactive) { $_SESSION['sysmsg_info'][] = $s; } } function feed_birthday($uid, $tz) { /** * Determine the next birthday, but only if the birthday is published * in the default profile. We _could_ also look for a private profile that the * recipient can see, but somebody could get mad at us if they start getting * public birthday greetings when they haven't made this info public. * * Assuming we are able to publish this info, we are then going to convert * the start time from the owner's timezone to UTC. * * This will potentially solve the problem found with some social networks * where birthdays are converted to the viewer's timezone and salutations from * elsewhere in the world show up on the wrong day. We will convert it to the * viewer's timezone also, but first we are going to convert it from the birthday * person's timezone to GMT - so the viewer may find the birthday starting at * 6:00PM the day before, but that will correspond to midnight to the birthday person. */ $birthday = ''; if (!strlen($tz)) { $tz = 'UTC'; } $profile = DBA::selectFirst('profile', ['dob'], ['is-default' => true, 'uid' => $uid]); if (DBA::isResult($profile)) { $tmp_dob = substr($profile['dob'], 5); if (intval($tmp_dob)) { $y = DateTimeFormat::timezoneNow($tz, 'Y'); $bd = $y . '-' . $tmp_dob . ' 00:00'; $t_dob = strtotime($bd); $now = strtotime(DateTimeFormat::timezoneNow($tz)); if ($t_dob < $now) { $bd = $y + 1 . '-' . $tmp_dob . ' 00:00'; } $birthday = DateTimeFormat::convert($bd, 'UTC', $tz, DateTimeFormat::ATOM); } } return $birthday; } /** * @brief Check if current user has admin role. * * @return bool true if user is an admin */ function is_site_admin() { $a = \get_app(); $admin_email = Config::get('config', 'admin_email'); $adminlist = explode(',', str_replace(' ', '', $admin_email)); return local_user() && $admin_email && in_array(defaults($a->user, 'email', ''), $adminlist); } /** * @brief Returns querystring as string from a mapped array. * * @param array $params mapped array with query parameters * @param string $name of parameter, default null * * @return string */ function build_querystring($params, $name = null) { $ret = ""; foreach ($params as $key => $val) { if (is_array($val)) { /// @TODO maybe not compare against null, use is_null() if ($name == null) { $ret .= build_querystring($val, $key); } else { $ret .= build_querystring($val, $name . "[$key]"); } } else { $val = urlencode($val); /// @TODO maybe not compare against null, use is_null() if ($name != null) { /// @TODO two string concated, can be merged to one $ret .= $name . "[$key]" . "=$val&"; } else { $ret .= "$key=$val&"; } } } return $ret; } function explode_querystring($query) { $arg_st = strpos($query, '?'); if ($arg_st !== false) { $base = substr($query, 0, $arg_st); $arg_st += 1; } else { $base = ''; $arg_st = 0; } $args = explode('&', substr($query, $arg_st)); foreach ($args as $k => $arg) { /// @TODO really compare type-safe here? if ($arg === '') { unset($args[$k]); } } $args = array_values($args); if (!$base) { $base = $args[0]; unset($args[0]); $args = array_values($args); } return [ 'base' => $base, 'args' => $args, ]; } /** * Returns the complete URL of the current page, e.g.: http(s)://something.com/network * * Taken from http://webcheatsheet.com/php/get_current_page_url.php */ function curPageURL() { $pageURL = 'http'; if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTPS"]) && ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on")) { $pageURL .= "s"; } $pageURL .= "://"; if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80" && $_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "443") { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . ":" . $_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } else { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]; } return $pageURL; } function get_server() { $server = Config::get("system", "directory"); if ($server == "") { $server = "https://dir.friendica.social"; } return $server; } function get_temppath() { $a = \get_app(); $temppath = Config::get("system", "temppath"); if (($temppath != "") && System::isDirectoryUsable($temppath)) { // We have a temp path and it is usable return BasePath::getRealPath($temppath); } // We don't have a working preconfigured temp path, so we take the system path. $temppath = sys_get_temp_dir(); // Check if it is usable if (($temppath != "") && System::isDirectoryUsable($temppath)) { // Always store the real path, not the path through symlinks $temppath = BasePath::getRealPath($temppath); // To avoid any interferences with other systems we create our own directory $new_temppath = $temppath . "/" . $a->getHostName(); if (!is_dir($new_temppath)) { /// @TODO There is a mkdir()+chmod() upwards, maybe generalize this (+ configurable) into a function/method? mkdir($new_temppath); } if (System::isDirectoryUsable($new_temppath)) { // The new path is usable, we are happy Config::set("system", "temppath", $new_temppath); return $new_temppath; } else { // We can't create a subdirectory, strange. // But the directory seems to work, so we use it but don't store it. return $temppath; } } // Reaching this point means that the operating system is configured badly. return ''; } function get_cachefile($file, $writemode = true) { $cache = get_itemcachepath(); if ((!$cache) || (!is_dir($cache))) { return ""; } $subfolder = $cache . "/" . substr($file, 0, 2); $cachepath = $subfolder . "/" . $file; if ($writemode) { if (!is_dir($subfolder)) { mkdir($subfolder); chmod($subfolder, 0777); } } return $cachepath; } function clear_cache($basepath = "", $path = "") { if ($path == "") { $basepath = get_itemcachepath(); $path = $basepath; } if (($path == "") || (!is_dir($path))) { return; } if (substr(realpath($path), 0, strlen($basepath)) != $basepath) { return; } $cachetime = (int) Config::get('system', 'itemcache_duration'); if ($cachetime == 0) { $cachetime = 86400; } if (is_writable($path)) { if ($dh = opendir($path)) { while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) { $fullpath = $path . "/" . $file; if ((filetype($fullpath) == "dir") && ($file != ".") && ($file != "..")) { clear_cache($basepath, $fullpath); } if ((filetype($fullpath) == "file") && (filectime($fullpath) < (time() - $cachetime))) { unlink($fullpath); } } closedir($dh); } } } function get_itemcachepath() { // Checking, if the cache is deactivated $cachetime = (int) Config::get('system', 'itemcache_duration'); if ($cachetime < 0) { return ""; } $itemcache = Config::get('system', 'itemcache'); if (($itemcache != "") && System::isDirectoryUsable($itemcache)) { return BasePath::getRealPath($itemcache); } $temppath = get_temppath(); if ($temppath != "") { $itemcache = $temppath . "/itemcache"; if (!file_exists($itemcache) && !is_dir($itemcache)) { mkdir($itemcache); } if (System::isDirectoryUsable($itemcache)) { Config::set("system", "itemcache", $itemcache); return $itemcache; } } return ""; } /** * @brief Returns the path where spool files are stored * * @return string Spool path */ function get_spoolpath() { $spoolpath = Config::get('system', 'spoolpath'); if (($spoolpath != "") && System::isDirectoryUsable($spoolpath)) { // We have a spool path and it is usable return $spoolpath; } // We don't have a working preconfigured spool path, so we take the temp path. $temppath = get_temppath(); if ($temppath != "") { // To avoid any interferences with other systems we create our own directory $spoolpath = $temppath . "/spool"; if (!is_dir($spoolpath)) { mkdir($spoolpath); } if (System::isDirectoryUsable($spoolpath)) { // The new path is usable, we are happy Config::set("system", "spoolpath", $spoolpath); return $spoolpath; } else { // We can't create a subdirectory, strange. // But the directory seems to work, so we use it but don't store it. return $temppath; } } // Reaching this point means that the operating system is configured badly. return ""; } if (!function_exists('exif_imagetype')) { function exif_imagetype($file) { $size = getimagesize($file); return $size[2]; } } function validate_include(&$file) { $orig_file = $file; $file = realpath($file); if (strpos($file, getcwd()) !== 0) { return false; } $file = str_replace(getcwd() . "/", "", $file, $count); if ($count != 1) { return false; } if ($orig_file !== $file) { return false; } $valid = false; if (strpos($file, "include/") === 0) { $valid = true; } if (strpos($file, "addon/") === 0) { $valid = true; } // Simply return flag return $valid; } /** * PHP 5 compatible dirname() with count parameter * * @see http://php.net/manual/en/function.dirname.php#113193 * * @deprecated with PHP 7 * @param string $path * @param int $levels * @return string */ function rdirname($path, $levels = 1) { if ($levels > 1) { return dirname(rdirname($path, --$levels)); } else { return dirname($path); } }