From c8c062d96024a23e67e73f1ebffcf7009b18eed1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: friendica Date: Tue, 31 Jan 2012 15:54:41 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] add spam engine --- library/spam/b8/b8.php | 503 +++++++++++++ .../b8/degenerator/degenerator_default.php | 127 ++++ library/spam/b8/lexer/lexer_default.php | 205 +++++ library/spam/b8/storage/storage_base.php | 395 ++++++++++ library/spam/b8/storage/storage_dba.php | 198 +++++ library/spam/b8/storage/storage_mysql.php | 351 +++++++++ library/spam/doc/COPYING | 504 +++++++++++++ library/spam/doc/ChangeLog | 179 +++++ library/spam/doc/readme.htm | 707 ++++++++++++++++++ library/spam/doc/readme.rst | 371 +++++++++ library/spam/example/index.php | 241 ++++++ library/spam/install/setup_berkeleydb.php | 240 ++++++ library/spam/install/setup_mysql.sql | 27 + 13 files changed, 4048 insertions(+) create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/b8.php create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/degenerator/degenerator_default.php create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/lexer/lexer_default.php create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/storage/storage_base.php create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/storage/storage_dba.php create mode 100644 library/spam/b8/storage/storage_mysql.php create mode 100644 library/spam/doc/COPYING create mode 100644 library/spam/doc/ChangeLog create mode 100644 library/spam/doc/readme.htm create mode 100644 library/spam/doc/readme.rst create mode 100644 library/spam/example/index.php create mode 100644 library/spam/install/setup_berkeleydb.php create mode 100644 library/spam/install/setup_mysql.sql diff --git a/library/spam/b8/b8.php b/library/spam/b8/b8.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea1e15ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/b8.php @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ + +# +# b8 - A Bayesian spam filter written in PHP 5 +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Tobias Leupold + * @author Oliver Lillie (aka buggedcom) (original PHP 5 port) + */ + +class b8 +{ + + public $config = array( + 'min_size' => 3, + 'max_size' => 30, + 'allow_numbers' => FALSE, + 'lexer' => 'default', + 'degenerator' => 'default', + 'storage' => 'dba', + 'use_relevant' => 15, + 'min_dev' => 0.2, + 'rob_s' => 0.3, + 'rob_x' => 0.5 + ); + + private $_lexer = NULL; + private $_database = NULL; + private $_token_data = NULL; + + const SPAM = 'spam'; + const HAM = 'ham'; + const LEARN = 'learn'; + const UNLEARN = 'unlearn'; + + const STARTUP_FAIL_DATABASE = 'STARTUP_FAIL_DATABASE'; + const STARTUP_FAIL_LEXER = 'STARTUP_FAIL_LEXER'; + const TRAINER_CATEGORY_FAIL = 'TRAINER_CATEGORY_FAIL'; + + /** + * Constructs b8 + * + * @access public + * @return void + */ + + function __construct($config = array(), $database_config) + { + + # Validate config data + + if(count($config) > 0) { + + foreach ($config as $name=>$value) { + + switch($name) { + + case 'min_dev': + case 'rob_s': + case 'rob_x': + $this->config[$name] = (float) $value; + break; + + case 'min_size': + case 'max_size': + case 'use_relevant': + $this->config[$name] = (int) $value; + break; + + case 'allow_numbers': + $this->config[$name] = (bool) $value; + break; + + case 'lexer': + $value = (string) strtolower($value); + $this->config[$name] = is_file(dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'lexer' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . "lexer_" . $value . '.php') === TRUE ? $value : 'default'; + break; + + case 'storage': + $this->config[$name] = (string) $value; + break; + + } + + } + + } + + # Setup the database backend + + # Get the basic storage class used by all backends + if($this->load_class('b8_storage_base', dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'storage' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'storage_base.php') === FALSE) + return; + + # Get the degenerator we need + if($this->load_class('b8_degenerator_' . $this->config['degenerator'], dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'degenerator' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'degenerator_' . $this->config['degenerator'] . '.php') === FALSE) + return; + + # Get the actual storage backend we need + if($this->load_class('b8_storage_' . $this->config['storage'], dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'storage' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'storage_' . $this->config['storage'] . '.php') === FALSE) + return; + + # Setup the backend + $class = 'b8_storage_' . $this->config['storage']; + $this->_database = new $class( + $database_config, + $this->config['degenerator'], date('ymd') + ); + + # Setup the lexer class + + if($this->load_class('b8_lexer_' . $this->config['lexer'], dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'lexer' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'lexer_' . $this->config['lexer'] . '.php') === FALSE) + return; + + $class = 'b8_lexer_' . $this->config['lexer']; + $this->_lexer = new $class( + array( + 'min_size' => $this->config['min_size'], + 'max_size' => $this->config['max_size'], + 'allow_numbers' => $this->config['allow_numbers'] + ) + ); + + } + + /** + * Load a class file if a class has not been defined yet. + * + * @access public + * @return boolean Returns TRUE if everything is okay, otherwise FALSE. + */ + + public function load_class($class_name, $class_file) + { + + if(class_exists($class_name, FALSE) === FALSE) { + + $included = require_once $class_file; + + if($included === FALSE or class_exists($class_name, FALSE) === FALSE) + return FALSE; + + } + + return TRUE; + + } + + /** + * Validates the class has all it needs to work. + * + * @access public + * @return mixed Returns TRUE if everything is okay, otherwise an error code. + */ + + public function validate() + { + + if($this->_database === NULL) + return self::STARTUP_FAIL_DATABASE; + + # Connect the database backend if we aren't connected yet + + elseif($this->_database->connected === FALSE) { + + $connection = $this->_database->connect(); + + if($connection !== TRUE) + return $connection; + + } + + if($this->_lexer === NULL) + return self::STARTUP_FAIL_LEXER; + + return TRUE; + + } + + /** + * Classifies a text + * + * @access public + * @package default + * @param string $text + * @return float The rating between 0 (ham) and 1 (spam) + */ + + public function classify($text) + { + + # Validate the startup + + $started_up = $this->validate(); + + if($started_up !== TRUE) + return $started_up; + + # Get the internal database variables, containing the number of ham and + # spam texts so the spam probability can be calculated in relation to them + $internals = $this->_database->get_internals(); + + # Calculate the spamminess of all tokens + + # Get all tokens we want to rate + + $tokens = $this->_lexer->get_tokens($text); + + # Check if the lexer failed + # (if so, $tokens will be a lexer error code, if not, $tokens will be an array) + if(!is_array($tokens)) + return $tokens; + + # Fetch all availible data for the token set from the database + $this->_token_data = $this->_database->get(array_keys($tokens)); + + # Calculate the spamminess and importance for each token (or a degenerated form of it) + + $word_count = array(); + $rating = array(); + $importance = array(); + + foreach($tokens as $word => $count) { + + $word_count[$word] = $count; + + # Although we only call this function only here ... let's do the + # calculation stuff in a function to make this a bit less confusing ;-) + $rating[$word] = $this->_get_probability($word, $internals['texts_ham'], $internals['texts_spam']); + + $importance[$word] = abs(0.5 - $rating[$word]); + + } + + # Order by importance + arsort($importance); + reset($importance); + + # Get the most interesting tokens (use all if we have less than the given number) + + $relevant = array(); + + for($i = 0; $i < $this->config['use_relevant']; $i++) { + + if($tmp = each($importance)) { + + # Important tokens remain + + # If the token's rating is relevant enough, use it + + if(abs(0.5 - $rating[$tmp['key']]) > $this->config['min_dev']) { + + # Tokens that appear more than once also count more than once + + for($x = 0, $l = $word_count[$tmp['key']]; $x < $l; $x++) + array_push($relevant, $rating[$tmp['key']]); + + } + + } + + else { + # We have less than words to use, so we already + # use what we have and can break here + break; + } + + } + + # Calculate the spamminess of the text (thanks to Mr. Robinson ;-) + # We set both hamminess and Spamminess to 1 for the first multiplying + $hamminess = 1; + $spamminess = 1; + + # Consider all relevant ratings + foreach($relevant as $value) { + $hamminess *= (1.0 - $value); + $spamminess *= $value; + } + + # If no token was good for calculation, we really don't know how + # to rate this text; so we assume a spam and ham probability of 0.5 + + if($hamminess === 1 and $spamminess === 1) { + $hamminess = 0.5; + $spamminess = 0.5; + $n = 1; + } + else { + # Get the number of relevant ratings + $n = count($relevant); + } + + # Calculate the combined rating + + # The actual hamminess and spamminess + $hamminess = 1 - pow($hamminess, (1 / $n)); + $spamminess = 1 - pow($spamminess, (1 / $n)); + + # Calculate the combined indicator + $probability = ($hamminess - $spamminess) / ($hamminess + $spamminess); + + # We want a value between 0 and 1, not between -1 and +1, so ... + $probability = (1 + $probability) / 2; + + # Alea iacta est + return $probability; + + } + + /** + * Calculate the spamminess of a single token also considering "degenerated" versions + * + * @access private + * @param string $word + * @param string $texts_ham + * @param string $texts_spam + * @return void + */ + + private function _get_probability($word, $texts_ham, $texts_spam) + { + + # Let's see what we have! + + if(isset($this->_token_data['tokens'][$word]) === TRUE) { + # The token was in the database, so we can use it's data as-is + # and calculate the spamminess of this token directly + return $this->_calc_probability($this->_token_data['tokens'][$word], $texts_ham, $texts_spam); + } + + # Damn. The token was not found, so do we have at least similar words? + + if(isset($this->_token_data['degenerates'][$word]) === TRUE) { + + # We found similar words, so calculate the spamminess for each one + # and choose the most important one for the further calculation + + # The default rating is 0.5 simply saying nothing + $rating = 0.5; + + foreach($this->_token_data['degenerates'][$word] as $degenerate => $count) { + + # Calculate the rating of the current degenerated token + $rating_tmp = $this->_calc_probability($count, $texts_ham, $texts_spam); + + # Is it more important than the rating of another degenerated version? + if(abs(0.5 - $rating_tmp) > abs(0.5 - $rating)) + $rating = $rating_tmp; + + } + + return $rating; + + } + + else { + # The token is really unknown, so choose the default rating + # for completely unknown tokens. This strips down to the + # robX parameter so we can cheap out the freaky math ;-) + return $this->config['rob_x']; + } + + } + + /** + * Do the actual spamminess calculation of a single token + * + * @access private + * @param array $data + * @param string $texts_ham + * @param string $texts_spam + * @return void + */ + + private function _calc_probability($data, $texts_ham, $texts_spam) + { + + # Calculate the basic probability by Mr. Graham + + # But: consider the number of ham and spam texts saved instead of the + # number of entries where the token appeared to calculate a relative + # spamminess because we count tokens appearing multiple times not just + # once but as often as they appear in the learned texts + + $rel_ham = $data['count_ham']; + $rel_spam = $data['count_spam']; + + if($texts_ham > 0) + $rel_ham = $data['count_ham'] / $texts_ham; + + if($texts_spam > 0) + $rel_spam = $data['count_spam'] / $texts_spam; + + $rating = $rel_spam / ($rel_ham + $rel_spam); + + # Calculate the better probability proposed by Mr. Robinson + $all = $data['count_ham'] + $data['count_spam']; + return (($this->config['rob_s'] * $this->config['rob_x']) + ($all * $rating)) / ($this->config['rob_s'] + $all); + + } + + /** + * Check the validity of the category of a request + * + * @access private + * @param string $category + * @return void + */ + + private function _check_category($category) + { + return $category === self::HAM or $category === self::SPAM; + } + + /** + * Learn a reference text + * + * @access public + * @param string $text + * @param const $category Either b8::SPAM or b8::HAM + * @return void + */ + + public function learn($text, $category) + { + return $this->_process_text($text, $category, self::LEARN); + } + + /** + * Unlearn a reference text + * + * @access public + * @param string $text + * @param const $category Either b8::SPAM or b8::HAM + * @return void + */ + + public function unlearn($text, $category) + { + return $this->_process_text($text, $category, self::UNLEARN); + } + + /** + * Does the actual interaction with the storage backend for learning or unlearning texts + * + * @access private + * @param string $text + * @param const $category Either b8::SPAM or b8::HAM + * @param const $action Either b8::LEARN or b8::UNLEARN + * @return void + */ + + private function _process_text($text, $category, $action) + { + + # Validate the startup + + $started_up = $this->validate(); + + if($started_up !== TRUE) + return $started_up; + + # Look if the request is okay + if($this->_check_category($category) === FALSE) + return self::TRAINER_CATEGORY_FAIL; + + # Get all tokens from $text + + $tokens = $this->_lexer->get_tokens($text); + + # Check if the lexer failed + # (if so, $tokens will be a lexer error code, if not, $tokens will be an array) + if(!is_array($tokens)) + return $tokens; + + # Pass the tokens and what to do with it to the storage backend + return $this->_database->process_text($tokens, $category, $action); + + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/b8/degenerator/degenerator_default.php b/library/spam/b8/degenerator/degenerator_default.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ff6d882b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/degenerator/degenerator_default.php @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Tobias Leupold + */ + +class b8_degenerator_default +{ + + public $degenerates = array(); + + /** + * Generates a list of "degenerated" words for a list of words. + * + * @access public + * @param array $tokens + * @return array An array containing an array of degenerated tokens for each token + */ + + public function degenerate(array $words) + { + + $degenerates = array(); + + foreach($words as $word) + $degenerates[$word] = $this->_degenerate_word($word); + + return $degenerates; + + } + + /** + * If the original word is not found in the database then + * we build "degenerated" versions of the word to lookup. + * + * @access private + * @param string $word + * @return array An array of degenerated words + */ + + protected function _degenerate_word($word) + { + + # Check for any stored words so the process doesn't have to repeat + if(isset($this->degenerates[$word]) === TRUE) + return $this->degenerates[$word]; + + $degenerate = array(); + + # Add different version of upper and lower case and ucfirst + array_push($degenerate, strtolower($word)); + array_push($degenerate, strtoupper($word)); + array_push($degenerate, ucfirst($word)); + + # Degenerate all versions + + foreach($degenerate as $alt_word) { + + # Look for stuff like !!! and ??? + + if(preg_match('/[!?]$/', $alt_word) > 0) { + + # Add versions with different !s and ?s + + if(preg_match('/[!?]{2,}$/', $alt_word) > 0) { + $tmp = preg_replace('/([!?])+$/', '$1', $alt_word); + array_push($degenerate, $tmp); + } + + $tmp = preg_replace('/([!?])+$/', '', $alt_word); + array_push($degenerate, $tmp); + + } + + # Look for ... at the end of the word + + $alt_word_int = $alt_word; + + while(preg_match('/[\.]$/', $alt_word_int) > 0) { + $alt_word_int = substr($alt_word_int, 0, strlen($alt_word_int) - 1); + array_push($degenerate, $alt_word_int); + } + + } + + # Some degenerates are the same as the original word. These don't have + # to be fetched, so we create a new array with only new tokens + + $real_degenerate = array(); + + foreach($degenerate as $deg_word) { + if($word != $deg_word) + array_push($real_degenerate, $deg_word); + } + + # Store the list of degenerates for the token + $this->degenerates[$word] = $real_degenerate; + + return $real_degenerate; + + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/b8/lexer/lexer_default.php b/library/spam/b8/lexer/lexer_default.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b5ca22bf --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/lexer/lexer_default.php @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Tobias Leupold + * @author Oliver Lillie (aka buggedcom) (original PHP 5 port) + */ + +class b8_lexer_default +{ + + const LEXER_TEXT_NOT_STRING = 'LEXER_TEXT_NOT_STRING'; + const LEXER_TEXT_EMPTY = 'LEXER_TEXT_EMPTY'; + + public $config = NULL; + + # The regular expressions we use to split the text to tokens + + public $regexp = array( + 'ip' => '/([A-Za-z0-9\_\-\.]+)/', + 'raw_split' => '/[\s,\.\/"\:;\|<>\-_\[\]{}\+=\)\(\*\&\^%]+/', + 'html' => '/(<.+?>)/', + 'tagname' => '/(.+?)\s/', + 'numbers' => '/^[0-9]+$/' + ); + + /** + * Constructs the lexer. + * + * @access public + * @return void + */ + + function __construct($config) + { + $this->config = $config; + } + + /** + * Generates the tokens required for the bayesian filter. + * + * @access public + * @param string $text + * @return array Returns the list of tokens + */ + + public function get_tokens($text) + { + + # Check that we actually have a string ... + if(is_string($text) === FALSE) + return self::LEXER_TEXT_NOT_STRING; + + # ... and that it's not empty + if(empty($text) === TRUE) + return self::LEXER_TEXT_EMPTY; + + # Re-convert the text to the original characters coded in UTF-8, as + # they have been coded in html entities during the post process + $text = html_entity_decode($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); + + $tokens = array(); + + # Find URLs and IP addresses + + preg_match_all($this->regexp['ip'], $text, $raw_tokens); + + foreach($raw_tokens[1] as $word) { + + # Check for a dot + if(strpos($word, '.') === FALSE) + continue; + + # Check that the word is valid, min and max sizes, etc. + if($this->_is_valid($word) === FALSE) + continue; + + if(isset($tokens[$word]) === FALSE) + $tokens[$word] = 1; + else + $tokens[$word] += 1; + + # Delete the word from the text so it doesn't get re-added. + $text = str_replace($word, '', $text); + + # Also process the parts of the URLs + $url_parts = preg_split($this->regexp['raw_split'], $word); + + foreach($url_parts as $word) { + + # Again validate the part + + if($this->_is_valid($word) === FALSE) + continue; + + if(isset($tokens[$word]) === FALSE) + $tokens[$word] = 1; + else + $tokens[$word] += 1; + + } + + } + + # Split the remaining text + + $raw_tokens = preg_split($this->regexp['raw_split'], $text); + + foreach($raw_tokens as $word) { + + # Again validate the part + + if($this->_is_valid($word) === FALSE) + continue; + + if(isset($tokens[$word]) === FALSE) + $tokens[$word] = 1; + else + $tokens[$word] += 1; + + } + + # Process the HTML + + preg_match_all($this->regexp['html'], $text, $raw_tokens); + + foreach($raw_tokens[1] as $word) { + + # Again validate the part + + if($this->_is_valid($word) === FALSE) + continue; + + # If the tag has parameters, just use the tag itself + + if(strpos($word, ' ') !== FALSE) { + preg_match($this->regexp['tagname'], $word, $tmp); + $word = "{$tmp[1]}...>"; + } + + if(isset($tokens[$word]) === FALSE) + $tokens[$word] = 1; + else + $tokens[$word] += 1; + + } + + # Return a list of all found tokens + return $tokens; + + } + + /** + * Validates a token. + * + * @access private + * @param string $token The token string. + * @return boolean Returns TRUE if the token is valid, otherwise returns FALSE + */ + + private function _is_valid($token) + { + + # Validate the size of the token + + $len = strlen($token); + + if($len < $this->config['min_size'] or $len > $this->config['max_size']) + return FALSE; + + # We may want to exclude pure numbers + if($this->config['allow_numbers'] === FALSE) { + if(preg_match($this->regexp['numbers'], $token) > 0) + return FALSE; + } + + # Token is okay + return TRUE; + + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_base.php b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_base.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01f5a69d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_base.php @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * Functions used by all storage backends + * Copyright (C) 2010 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Tobias Leupold + */ + +abstract class b8_storage_base +{ + + public $connected = FALSE; + + protected $_degenerator = NULL; + + const INTERNALS_TEXTS_HAM = 'bayes*texts.ham'; + const INTERNALS_TEXTS_SPAM = 'bayes*texts.spam'; + const INTERNALS_DBVERSION = 'bayes*dbversion'; + + const BACKEND_NOT_CONNECTED = 'BACKEND_NOT_CONNECTED'; + const DATABASE_WRONG_VERSION = 'DATABASE_WRONG_VERSION'; + const DATABASE_NOT_B8 = 'DATABASE_NOT_B8'; + + /** + * Validates the class has all it needs to work. + * + * @access protected + * @return mixed Returns TRUE if everything is okay, otherwise an error code. + */ + + protected function validate() + { + + # We set up the degenerator here, as we would have to duplicate code if it + # was done in the constructor of the respective storage backend. + $class = 'b8_degenerator_' . $this->b8_config['degenerator']; + $this->_degenerator = new $class(); + + if($this->connected !== TRUE) + return self::BACKEND_NOT_CONNECTED; + + return TRUE; + + } + + /** + * Checks if a b8 database is used and if it's version is okay + * + * @access protected + * @return mixed Returns TRUE if everything is okay, otherwise an error code. + */ + + protected function check_database() + { + + $internals = $this->get_internals(); + + if(isset($internals['dbversion'])) { + if($internals['dbversion'] == "2") { + return TRUE; + } + else { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_WRONG_VERSION; + } + } + else { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_NOT_B8; + } + + } + + /** + * Parses the "count" data of a token. + * + * @access private + * @param string $data + * @return array Returns an array of the parsed data: array(count_ham, count_spam, lastseen). + */ + + private function _parse_count($data) + { + + list($count_ham, $count_spam, $lastseen) = explode(' ', $data); + + $count_ham = (int) $count_ham; + $count_spam = (int) $count_spam; + + return array( + 'count_ham' => $count_ham, + 'count_spam' => $count_spam + ); + + } + + /** + * Get the database's internal variables. + * + * @access public + * @return array Returns an array of all internals. + */ + + public function get_internals() + { + + $internals = $this->_get_query( + array( + self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_HAM, + self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_SPAM, + self::INTERNALS_DBVERSION + ) + ); + + return array( + 'texts_ham' => (int) $internals[self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_HAM], + 'texts_spam' => (int) $internals[self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_SPAM], + 'dbversion' => (int) $internals[self::INTERNALS_DBVERSION] + ); + + } + + /** + * Get all data about a list of tags from the database. + * + * @access public + * @param array $tokens + * @return mixed Returns FALSE on failure, otherwise returns array of returned data in the format array('tokens' => array(token => count), 'degenerates' => array(token => array(degenerate => count))). + */ + + public function get($tokens) + { + + # Validate the startup + + $started_up = $this->validate(); + + if($started_up !== TRUE) + return $started_up; + + # First we see what we have in the database. + $token_data = $this->_get_query($tokens); + + # Check if we have to degenerate some tokens + + $missing_tokens = array(); + + foreach($tokens as $token) { + if(!isset($token_data[$token])) + $missing_tokens[] = $token; + } + + if(count($missing_tokens) > 0) { + + # We have to degenerate some tokens + $degenerates_list = array(); + + # Generate a list of degenerated tokens for the missing tokens ... + $degenerates = $this->_degenerator->degenerate($missing_tokens); + + # ... and look them up + + foreach($degenerates as $token => $token_degenerates) + $degenerates_list = array_merge($degenerates_list, $token_degenerates); + + $token_data = array_merge($token_data, $this->_get_query($degenerates_list)); + + } + + # Here, we have all availible data in $token_data. + + $return_data_tokens = array(); + $return_data_degenerates = array(); + + foreach($tokens as $token) { + + if(isset($token_data[$token]) === TRUE) { + + # The token was found in the database + + # Add the data ... + $return_data_tokens[$token] = $this->_parse_count($token_data[$token]); + + # ... and update it's lastseen parameter + $this->_update($token, "{$return_data_tokens[$token]['count_ham']} {$return_data_tokens[$token]['count_spam']} " . $this->b8_config['today']); + + } + + else { + + # The token was not found, so we look if we + # can return data for degenerated tokens + + # Check all degenerated forms of the token + + foreach($this->_degenerator->degenerates[$token] as $degenerate) { + + if(isset($token_data[$degenerate]) === TRUE) { + + # A degeneration of the token way found in the database + + # Add the data ... + $return_data_degenerates[$token][$degenerate] = $this->_parse_count($token_data[$degenerate]); + + # ... and update it's lastseen parameter + $this->_update($degenerate, "{$return_data_degenerates[$token][$degenerate]['count_ham']} {$return_data_degenerates[$token][$degenerate]['count_spam']} " . $this->b8_config['today']); + + } + + } + + } + + } + + # Now, all token data directly found in the database is in $return_data_tokens + # and all data for degenerated versions is in $return_data_degenerates + + # First, we commit the changes to the lastseen parameters + $this->_commit(); + + # Then, we return what we have + return array( + 'tokens' => $return_data_tokens, + 'degenerates' => $return_data_degenerates + ); + + } + + /** + * Stores or deletes a list of tokens from the given category. + * + * @access public + * @param array $tokens + * @param const $category Either b8::HAM or b8::SPAM + * @param const $action Either b8::LEARN or b8::UNLEARN + * @return void + */ + + public function process_text($tokens, $category, $action) + { + + # Validate the startup + + $started_up = $this->validate(); + + if($started_up !== TRUE) + return $started_up; + + # No matter what we do, we first have to check what data we have. + + # First get the internals, including the ham texts and spam texts counter + $internals = $this->get_internals(); + + # Then, fetch all data for all tokens we have (and update their lastseen parameters) + $token_data = $this->_get_query(array_keys($tokens)); + + # Process all tokens to learn/unlearn + + foreach($tokens as $token => $count) { + + if(isset($token_data[$token])) { + + # We already have this token, so update it's data + + # Get the existing data + list($count_ham, $count_spam, $lastseen) = explode(' ', $token_data[$token]); + $count_ham = (int) $count_ham; + $count_spam = (int) $count_spam; + + # Increase or decrease the right counter + + if($action === b8::LEARN) { + if($category === b8::HAM) + $count_ham += $count; + elseif($category === b8::SPAM) + $count_spam += $count; + } + + elseif($action == b8::UNLEARN) { + if($category === b8::HAM) + $count_ham -= $count; + elseif($category === b8::SPAM) + $count_spam -= $count; + } + + # We don't want to have negative values + + if($count_ham < 0) + $count_ham = 0; + + if($count_spam < 0) + $count_spam = 0; + + # Now let's see if we have to update or delete the token + if($count_ham !== 0 or $count_spam !== 0) + $this->_update($token, "$count_ham $count_spam " . $this->b8_config['today']); + else + $this->_del($token); + + } + + else { + + # We don't have the token. If we unlearn a text, we can't delete it + # as we don't have it anyway, so just do something if we learn a text + + if($action === b8::LEARN) { + + if($category === b8::HAM) + $data = '1 0 '; + elseif($category === b8::SPAM) + $data = '0 1 '; + + $data .= $this->b8_config['today']; + + $this->_put($token, $data); + + } + + } + + } + + # Now, all token have been processed, so let's update the right text + + if($action === b8::LEARN) { + + if($category === b8::HAM) { + $internals['texts_ham']++; + $this->_update(self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_HAM, $internals['texts_ham']); + } + + elseif($category === b8::SPAM) { + $internals['texts_spam']++; + $this->_update(self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_SPAM, $internals['texts_spam']); + } + + } + + elseif($action == b8::UNLEARN) { + + if($category === b8::HAM) { + + $internals['texts_ham']--; + + if($internals['texts_ham'] < 0) + $internals['texts_ham'] = 0; + + $this->_update(self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_HAM, $internals['texts_ham']); + + } + + elseif($category === b8::SPAM) { + + $internals['texts_spam']--; + + if($internals['texts_spam'] < 0) + $internals['texts_spam'] = 0; + + $this->_update(self::INTERNALS_TEXTS_SPAM, $internals['texts_spam']); + + } + + } + + # We're done and can commit all changes to the database now + $this->_commit(); + + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_dba.php b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_dba.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04618b23e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_dba.php @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * The DBA (Berkeley DB) abstraction layer for communicating with the database. + * Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Tobias Leupold + */ + +class b8_storage_dba extends b8_storage_base +{ + + public $config = array( + 'database' => 'wordlist.db', + 'handler' => 'db4', + ); + + public $b8_config = array( + 'degenerator' => NULL, + 'today' => NULL + ); + + private $_db = NULL; + + const DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL = 'DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL'; + + /** + * Constructs the database layer. + * + * @access public + * @param string $config + */ + + function __construct($config, $degenerator, $today) + { + + # Pass some variables of the main b8 config to this class + $this->b8_config['degenerator'] = $degenerator; + $this->b8_config['today'] = $today; + + # Validate the config items + if(count($config) > 0) { + foreach ($config as $name => $value) { + $this->config[$name] = (string) $value; + } + } + + } + + /** + * Closes the database connection. + * + * @access public + * @return void + */ + + function __destruct() + { + if($this->_db !== NULL) { + dba_close($this->_db); + $this->connected = FALSE; + } + } + + /** + * Connect to the database and do some checks. + * + * @access public + * @return mixed Returns TRUE on a successful database connection, otherwise returns a constant from b8. + */ + + public function connect() + { + + # Have we already connected? + if($this->_db !== NULL) + return TRUE; + + # Open the database connection + $this->_db = dba_open(dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . ".." . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $this->config['database'], "w", $this->config['handler']); + + if($this->_db === FALSE) { + $this->connected = FALSE; + $this->_db = NULL; + return self::DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL; + } + + # Everything is okay and connected + + $this->connected = TRUE; + + # Let's see if this is a b8 database and the version is okay + return $this->check_database(); + + } + + /** + * Does the actual interaction with the database when fetching data. + * + * @access protected + * @param array $tokens + * @return mixed Returns an array of the returned data in the format array(token => data) or an empty array if there was no data. + */ + + protected function _get_query($tokens) + { + + $data = array(); + + foreach ($tokens as $token) { + + $count = dba_fetch($token, $this->_db); + + if($count !== FALSE) + $data[$token] = $count; + + } + + return $data; + + } + + /** + * Store a token to the database. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @param string $count + * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure + */ + + protected function _put($token, $count) { + return dba_insert($token, $count, $this->_db); + } + + /** + * Update an existing token. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @param string $count + * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure + */ + + protected function _update($token, $count) + { + return dba_replace($token, $count, $this->_db); + } + + /** + * Remove a token from the database. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure + */ + + protected function _del($token) + { + return dba_delete($token, $this->_db); + } + + /** + * Does nothing :-D + * + * @access protected + * @return void + */ + + protected function _commit() + { + # We just need this function because the (My)SQL backend(s) need it. + return; + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_mysql.php b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_mysql.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..022536350 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/b8/storage/storage_mysql.php @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +/** + * The MySQL abstraction layer for communicating with the database. + * Copyright (C) 2009 Oliver Lillie (aka buggedcom) + * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Tobias Leupold + * + * @license LGPL + * @access public + * @package b8 + * @author Oliver Lillie (aka buggedcom) (original PHP 5 port and optimizations) + * @author Tobias Leupold + */ + +class b8_storage_mysql extends b8_storage_base +{ + + public $config = array( + 'database' => 'b8_wordlist', + 'table_name' => 'b8_wordlist', + 'host' => 'localhost', + 'user' => FALSE, + 'pass' => FALSE, + 'connection' => NULL + ); + + public $b8_config = array( + 'degenerator' => NULL, + 'today' => NULL + ); + + private $_connection = NULL; + private $_deletes = array(); + private $_puts = array(); + private $_updates = array(); + + const DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL = 'DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL'; + const DATABASE_CONNECTION_ERROR = 'DATABASE_CONNECTION_ERROR'; + const DATABASE_CONNECTION_BAD_RESOURCE = 'DATABASE_CONNECTION_BAD_RESOURCE'; + const DATABASE_SELECT_ERROR = 'DATABASE_SELECT_ERROR'; + const DATABASE_TABLE_ACCESS_FAIL = 'DATABASE_TABLE_ACCESS_FAIL'; + const DATABASE_WRONG_VERSION = 'DATABASE_WRONG_VERSION'; + + /** + * Constructs the database layer. + * + * @access public + * @param string $config + */ + + function __construct($config, $degenerator, $today) + { + + # Pass some variables of the main b8 config to this class + $this->b8_config['degenerator'] = $degenerator; + $this->b8_config['today'] = $today; + + # Validate the config items + + if(count($config) > 0) { + + foreach ($config as $name => $value) { + + switch($name) { + + case 'table_name': + case 'host': + case 'user': + case 'pass': + case 'database': + $this->config[$name] = (string) $value; + break; + + case 'connection': + + if($value !== NULL) { + + if(is_resource($value) === TRUE) { + $resource_type = get_resource_type($value); + $this->config['connection'] = $resource_type !== 'mysql link' && $resource_type !== 'mysql link persistent' ? FALSE : $value; + } + + else + $this->config['connection'] = FALSE; + + } + + break; + + } + + } + + } + + } + + /** + * Closes the database connection. + * + * @access public + * @return void + */ + + function __destruct() + { + + if($this->_connection === NULL) + return; + + # Commit any changes before closing + $this->_commit(); + + # Just close the connection if no link-resource was passed and b8 created it's own connection + if($this->config['connection'] === NULL) + mysql_close($this->_connection); + + $this->connected = FALSE; + + } + + /** + * Connect to the database and do some checks. + * + * @access public + * @return mixed Returns TRUE on a successful database connection, otherwise returns a constant from b8. + */ + + public function connect() + { + + # Are we already connected? + if($this->connected === TRUE) + return TRUE; + + # Are we using an existing passed resource? + if($this->config['connection'] === FALSE) { + # ... yes we are, but the connection is not a resource, so return an error + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_CONNECTION_BAD_RESOURCE; + } + + elseif($this->config['connection'] === NULL) { + + # ... no we aren't so we have to connect. + + if($this->_connection = mysql_connect($this->config['host'], $this->config['user'], $this->config['pass'])) { + if(mysql_select_db($this->config['database'], $this->_connection) === FALSE) { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_SELECT_ERROR . ": " . mysql_error(); + } + } + else { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_CONNECTION_ERROR; + } + + } + + else { + # ... yes we are + $this->_connection = $this->config['connection']; + } + + # Just in case ... + if($this->_connection === NULL) { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_CONNECTION_FAIL; + } + + # Check to see if the wordlist table exists + if(mysql_query('DESCRIBE ' . $this->config['table_name'], $this->_connection) === FALSE) { + $this->connected = FALSE; + return self::DATABASE_TABLE_ACCESS_FAIL . ": " . mysql_error(); + } + + # Everything is okay and connected + $this->connected = TRUE; + + # Let's see if this is a b8 database and the version is okay + return $this->check_database(); + + } + + /** + * Does the actual interaction with the database when fetching data. + * + * @access protected + * @param array $tokens + * @return mixed Returns an array of the returned data in the format array(token => data) or an empty array if there was no data. + */ + + protected function _get_query($tokens) + { + + # Construct the query ... + + if(count($tokens) > 0) { + + $where = array(); + + foreach ($tokens as $token) { + $token = mysql_real_escape_string($token, $this->_connection); + array_push($where, $token); + } + + $where = 'token IN ("' . implode('", "', $where) . '")'; + } + + else { + $token = mysql_real_escape_string($token, $this->_connection); + $where = 'token = "' . $token . '"'; + } + + # ... and fetch the data + + $result = mysql_query(' + SELECT token, count + FROM ' . $this->config['table_name'] . ' + WHERE ' . $where . '; + ', $this->_connection); + + $data = array(); + + while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) + $data[$row['token']] = $row['count']; + + mysql_free_result($result); + + return $data; + + } + + /** + * Store a token to the database. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @param string $count + * @return void + */ + + protected function _put($token, $count) { + $token = mysql_real_escape_string($token, $this->_connection); + $count = mysql_real_escape_string($count, $this->_connection);; + array_push($this->_puts, '("' . $token . '", "' . $count . '")'); + } + + /** + * Update an existing token. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @param string $count + * @return void + */ + + protected function _update($token, $count) + { + $token = mysql_real_escape_string($token, $this->_connection); + $count = mysql_real_escape_string($count, $this->_connection); + array_push($this->_updates, '("' . $token . '", "' . $count . '")'); + } + + /** + * Remove a token from the database. + * + * @access protected + * @param string $token + * @return void + */ + + protected function _del($token) + { + $token = mysql_real_escape_string($token, $this->_connection); + array_push($this->_deletes, $token); + } + + /** + * Commits any modification queries. + * + * @access protected + * @return void + */ + + protected function _commit() + { + + if(count($this->_deletes) > 0) { + + $result = mysql_query(' + DELETE FROM ' . $this->config['table_name'] . ' + WHERE token IN ("' . implode('", "', $this->_deletes) . '"); + ', $this->_connection); + + if(is_resource($result) === TRUE) + mysql_free_result($result); + + $this->_deletes = array(); + + } + + if(count($this->_puts) > 0) { + + $result = mysql_query(' + INSERT INTO ' . $this->config['table_name'] . '(token, count) + VALUES ' . implode(', ', $this->_puts) . ';', $this->_connection); + + if(is_resource($result) === TRUE) + mysql_free_result($result); + + $this->_puts = array(); + + } + + if(count($this->_updates) > 0) { + + $result = mysql_query(' + INSERT INTO ' . $this->config['table_name'] . '(token, count) + VALUES ' . implode(', ', $this->_updates) . ' + ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ' . $this->config['table_name'] . '.count = VALUES(count);', $this->_connection); + + if(is_resource($result) === TRUE) + mysql_free_result($result); + + $this->_updates = array(); + + } + + } + +} + +?> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/library/spam/doc/COPYING b/library/spam/doc/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8add30ad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/doc/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ + GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2.1, February 1999 + + Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + +[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts + as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence + the version number 2.1.] + + Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU + Lesser General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public + License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the + library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. + + , 1 April 1990 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +That's all there is to it! + + diff --git a/library/spam/doc/ChangeLog b/library/spam/doc/ChangeLog new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78a4fc77f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/doc/ChangeLog @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +2010-12-30 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.5.1 + + * Bigger changes: + - Fixed some issues with the scope of variables leading to problems when multiple instances of b8 are created. Thanks to Mike Creuzer for the bug report :-) + - Centralized the loading of class definition files in the b8 constructor and created a function to handle the inclusion. + + * b8.php: Return a lexer error code instead of a rating if the lexer failed. The lexer never returned FALSE but b8 checked only for this value to validate the lexer didn't fail. Thanks to Matt Friedman for the bug report :-) + + * lexer/lexer_default.php: A bit of code cleanup: less useless nesting. + + * doc/readme.*: Updated the documentation, added a FAQ. + +2010-06-27 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.5-r1 + + * doc/readme.*: Updated the documentation; forgot the newly introduced b8::HAM and b8::SPAM variables. Added some additional information about the storage model. + +2010-06-02 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.5 + + * 100.000 Changes (new major release!), at a glance: + - No PHP 4 compatibility anymore. Much cleaner code base with less hacks. + - Completely reworked storage model. The SQL performance increased dramatically, the Berkeley DB performance remains as fast as it always has been. + - Better lexer which can also handle non-latin1 texts in a nice way, so that e. g. Cyrillic or Chinese texts can be classified more performant. + - No config files anymore, multiple instances of b8 can be now created in the same script with different configuration, databases and no problems. + - No spooky administration interface anymore that needs an SQL database, even if Berkeley DB is used (anybody who actually used this?! I never did ;-). + - No "install" scripts and routines and a less end-user compatible documentation. Anybody integrating b8 in his homepage won't be an end-user, will he? + +2009-02-03 Oliver Lillie (aka buggedcom) + + * Revision: 221 (the original PHP 5 port) + + * Rewrote Tobias' original class for optimisation and PHP 5 functionality. + + * Improved database mysql query useage by over ~820% + + * Class is faster, ~20%. + + * Slight increase in memory usage, but it's small and given the advantages of the speed increase and query reduction it's worth it. + + * Removed install code from mysql class and added a sql file. Anyone who wants to use this is generally going to be more advanced anyway and see the sql to install. + +2009-02-03 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.4.4 -- changed the license type from GPL to LGPL + +2008-06-27 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.4.3 -- no bugs found ... so let's make a release with only small changes ;-) + + * b8.php: Removed debugging messages that were commented out anyway + + * storage/storage_mysql.php: Made it possible to pass both a MySQL-link resource and a table name to b8. This makes b8 useable in the Redaxo CMS (and probably others) + + * doc/readme.htm: Updated documentation accordingly + +2008-02-17 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.4.2 + + * interface/backup.php: the bayes*dbversion tag is now written to a database emptied by drop(), so that it will be useable without an error message even if no backup is recovered afterwards. + + * doc/readme.htm: added a security note to the configuration section (htaccess should be used to avoid everybody to be able to see the configuration) + +2007-09-17 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.4.1 + + * storage/storage_mysql.php: fixed b8 crashing when getting passed a persistent MySQL resource link. Thanks to Paul Chapman for the bug report :-) + +2007-06-08 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.4 + + * Let's go the whole hog. b8's class is now "b8" and no more "bayes", and all internal variables have now according names. + + * Reworked the whole (surprisingly crappy) implementation of b8. No more global() calls, everything happens inside the classes now. Made that whole stuff really object oriented (as good as possible with PHP's poor OOP model ;-). + + * No more PHP code in the configuration files. + + * Created an extra lexer class. This is now also configurable. + + * Storage classes now can create their own databases when this is requested by the configuration. + + * MySQL calls are no random shots anymore: either, a MySQL-link resource is passed to b8 on startup which will be used for the queries, or the class sets up it's own link. Same for SQLite. + + * The interface now uses a separate storage backend capable of SQL. In this way, we _really_ can query the database for e. g. an ordered list of tokens. After doing what we wanted with this work database, the b8 database can be synced with it. + + * Added a lot of verbose error handling. + + * Fixed a dumb error: all tokens from a text were used for the spamminess calculation, because two for() loops both used $i as their counter. D'oh!!! Now, the filter's performance is way better. + + * Catched on the way how that whole math stuff works a little more ;-) Now, the calculation of the single probabilities proposed by Mr. Robinson does a little more the stuff it was intended to do, because ... + + * Made some calculation constants parameters: the number of tokens to use, the default rating for unknown tokens and Gary Robinson's s constant. + + * Introduced an optional minimum deviation that a token's rating must have to be considered in the spamminess calculation. + + * The default extreme ratings for tokens only in ham or spam are now optional. One can also choose to calculate all ratings by Mr. Robinson's method. + + * Noticed that text primary keys are not case sensitive by default in MySQL, which has a noticeable impact on the filter's performance. Informed the MySQL users about that. + + * The whole code sucks much less ;-) b8 should be way more user friendly now. + + * Re-wrote the whole documentation. + + * Fixed the ChangeLog :-) + +2007-02-08 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.3.3 again ;-) + + * bayes-php is now b8. See http://www.nasauber.de/blog/text.php?text=58 for details :-) Thanks to Tobias Lang (http://langt.net/) for this cool new name! + +2007-01-05 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.3.3 + + * Renamed the internal BerkeleyDB handle from "$db" to the less general name "$bayes_php_db" due to an collision with phpwcms's (http://www.phpwcms.de/) global $db variable and potentially other php programs. + + * Commented out Laurent Goussard's SQLite storage class by default, as it's try { } catch { } calls break PHP 4 + +2006-09-03 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.3.2 + + * Laurent Goussard (loranger@free.fr) contributed an SQLite storage class(which needs PHP 5). + + * I finally added my eMail address to the sources ;-) + +2006-07-24 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.3.1 + + * Fixed a problem in the unlearn() function: If a text was unlearned that wasn't learned before (accidentaly), it could happen that the count parameter for this text was smaller than 0, breaking the spamminess calulation + +2006-07-02 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.3 + + * Improved the get_tokens() function; the filter should now be a lot more performant, especially with short texts + + * Added the "lastseen" parameter for each token to make the database maintainable (outdated tokens can be deleted) + + * Added a real database maintainance interface + +2006-06-12 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.2.1 + + * Fixed a problem in get_tokens() (if it was called more than once, tokens were counted more often than they appeared in the text) + + * Slightly enhanced the default index.php interface: after learning a text as Ham or Spam, the rating before and after it is displayed to inform the user about it + +2006-05-21 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.2 + + * Comments now in English (to pretend international success of bayes-php ;-) + + * Recommendations of Paul Graham's article "Better Bayesian Filtering" ( http://www.paulgraham.com/better.html ) are now considered: Tokens that only appear in Ham or Spam and not in the other category are rated with 0.9998 or 0.0002 if they were less than 10 times in Ham or Spam and with 0.9999 or 0.0001 if they appeared more that 10 times. This should allow the filter to differentiate spam texts more sharp from ham texts. Also, token "degeneration" as described in the article is performed for unknown tokens to estimate their spamminess. + + * The database connect is now swapped in a separate configuration file, so only this file has to be preserved if bayes-php is updated and only this file has to be changed to configure the script. + +2006-03-29 Tobias Leupold + + * Release: Version 0.1.1 + + * get_tokens() beachtet jetzt auch HTML-Tags und Wörter mit Akzenten und Apostrophen + + * Verschiedene Kleinigkeiten "sauber" gemacht :-) + +2006-03-05 Tobias Leupold + + * Added 2007-06-08: Initial release (Version 0.1) diff --git a/library/spam/doc/readme.htm b/library/spam/doc/readme.htm new file mode 100644 index 000000000..727d5ae5f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/doc/readme.htm @@ -0,0 +1,707 @@ + + + + + + +b8: readme + + + + + +
+

b8: readme

+ +++ + + + + + + + + + +
Author:Tobias Leupold
Homepage:http://nasauber.de/
Contact:tobias.leupold@web.de
Date:2010-12-23
+ +
+

1   Description of b8

+
+

1.1   What is b8?

+

b8 is a spam filter implemented in PHP. It is intended to keep your weblog or guestbook spam-free. The filter can be used anywhere in your PHP code and tells you whether a text is spam or not, using statistical text analysis. See How does it work? for details about this. To be able to do this, b8 first has to learn some spam and some ham example texts to decide what's good and what's not. If it makes mistakes classifying unknown texts, they can be corrected and b8 learns from the corrections, getting better with each learned text.

+

At the moment of this writing, b8 has classified 14411 guestbook entries and weblog comments on my homepage since december 2006. 131 were ham. 39 spam texts (0.27 %) have been rated as ham (false negatives), with not even one false positive (ham message classified as spam). This results in a sensitivity of 99.73 % (the probability that a spam text will actually be rated as spam) and a specifity of 100 % (the probability that a ham text will actually be rated as ham) for me. I hope, you'll get the same good results :-)

+

Basically, b8 is a statistical ("Bayesian"[1]) spam filter like Bogofilter or SpamBayes, but it is not intended to classify e-mails. When I started to write b8, I didn't find a good PHP spam filter (or any spam filter that wasn't just some example code how one could implement a Bayesian spam filter in PHP) that was intended to filter weblog or guestbook entries. That's why I had to write my own ;-)
+Caused by it's purpose, the way b8 works is slightly different from most of the Bayesian email spam filters out there. See What's different? if you're interested in the details.

+ + + + + +
[1]A mathematician told me that the math in b8 actually does not use Bayes' theorem but some derived algorithms that are just related to it. So … let's simply believe that and stop claiming b8 was a Bayesian spam filter ;-)
+
+
+

1.2   How does it work?

+

b8 basically uses the math and technique described in Paul Graham's article "A Plan For Spam" [2] to distinguish ham and spam. The improvements proposed in Graham's article "Better Bayesian Filtering" [3] and Gary Robinson's article "Spam Detection" [4] have also been considered. See also the article "A Statistical Approach to the Spam Problem" [5].

+

b8 cuts the text to classify to pieces, extracting stuff like e-mail addresses, links and HTML tags. For each such token, it calculates a single probability for a text containing it being spam, based on what the filter has learned so far. When the token was not seen before, b8 tries to find similar ones using the "degeneration" described in [3] and uses the most relevant value found. If really nothing is found, b8 assumes a default rating for this token for the further calculations.
+Then, b8 takes the most relevant values (which have a rating far from 0.5, which would mean we don't know what it is) and calculates the probability that the whole text is spam by the inverse chi-square function described in [4]. +There are some parameters that can be set which influence the filter's behaviour (see below).

+

In short words: you give b8 a text and it returns a value between 0 and 1, saying it's ham when it's near 0 and saying it's spam when it's near 1.

+
+
+

1.3   What do I need for it?

+

Not much! You just need PHP 5 on the server where b8 will be used (b8 version 0.5 finally dropped PHP 4 compatibility – thankfully ;-) and a proper storage possibility for the wordlists. I strongly recommend using Berkeley DB. See below how you can check if you can use it and why you should use it. If the server's PHP wasn't compiled with Berkeley DB support, a MySQL table can be used alternatively.

+
+
+

1.4   What's different?

+

b8 is designed to classify weblog or guestbook entries, not e-mails. For this reason, it uses a slightly different technique than most of the other statistical spam filters out there use.

+

My experience was that spam entries on my weblog or guestbook were often quite short, sometimes just something like "123abc" as text and a link to a suspect homepage. Some spam bots don't even made a difference between e. g. the "name" and "text" fields and posted their text as email address, for example. Considering this, b8 just takes one string to classify, making no difference between "headers" and "text".
+The other thing is that most statistical spam filters count one token one time, no matter how often it appears in the text (as Graham describes it in [2]). b8 does count how often a token was seen and learns or considers this. Additionally, the number of learned ham and spam texts are saved and used as the calculation base for the single probabilities. Why this? Because a text containing one link (no matter where it points to, just indicated by a "http://" or a "www.") might not be spam, but a text containing 20 links might be.

+

This means that b8 might be good for classifying weblog or guestbook entries (I really think it is ;-) – but very likely, it will work quite poor when being used for something else (like classifying e-mails). But as said above, for this task, there are a lot of very good filters out there to choose from.

+
+
+
+

2   Update from prior versions

+

If this is a new b8 installation, read on at the Installation section!

+
+

2.1   Update from bayes-php version 0.2.1 or earlier

+

Please first follow the database update instructions of the bayes-php-0.3 release if you update from a version prior to bayes-php-0.3 and then read the following paragraph about updating from a version <0.3.3.

+
+
+

2.2   Update from bayes-php version 0.3 or later

+
+
You use Berkeley DB?
+
Everything's fine, you can simply continue using your database.
+
You use MySQL?
+
The CREATE statement of b8's wordlist has changed. The best is probably to create a dump via your favorite administration tool or script, create the new table and re-insert all data. The layout is still the same: there's one "token" column and one "data" column. Having done that, you can keep using your data.
+
You use SQLite?
+
Sorry, at the moment, there's no SQLite backend for b8. But we're working on it :-)
+
+

The configuration model of b8 has changed. Please read through the Configuration section and update your configuration accordingly.

+

b8's lexer has been partially re-written. It should now be able to handle all kind of non-latin-1 input, like cyrillic, chinese or japanese texts. Caused by this fact, much more tokens will be recognized when classifying such texts. Therefore, you could get different results in b8's ratings, even if the same database is used and although the math is still the same.

+

b8 0.5 introduced two constants that can be used in the learn() and unlearn() functions: b8::HAM and b8::SPAM. The literal values "ham" and "spam" can still be used anyway.

+
+
+
+

3   Installation

+

Installing b8 on your server is quite easy. You just have to provide the needed files. To do this, you could just upload the whole b8 subdirectory to the base directory of your homepage. It contains the filter itself and all needed backend classes. The other directories (doc, example and install) are not used by b8.

+

That's it ;-)

+
+
+

4   Configuration

+

The configuration is passed as arrays when instantiating a new b8 object. Two arrays can be passed to b8, one containing b8's base configuration and some settings for the lexer (which should be common for all lexer classes, in case some other lexer than the default one will be written one day) and one for the storage backend.
+You can have a look at example/index.php to see how this can be done. Using b8 in your scripts also shows example code showing how b8 can be included in a PHP script.

+

Not all values have to be set. When some values are missing, the default ones will be used. If you do use the default settings, you don't have to pass them to b8.

+
+

4.1   b8's base configuration

+

All these values can be set in the "config_b8" array (the first parameter) passed to b8. The name of the array doesn't matter (of course), it just has to be the first argument.

+

These are some basic settings telling b8 which backend classes to use:

+
+
+
storage
+

This defines which storage backend will be used to save b8's wordlist. Currently, two backends are available: Berkeley DB (dba) and MySQL (mysql). At the moment, b8 does not support SQLite (as the previous version did), but it will be (hopefully) re-added in one of the next releases. The default is dba (string).

+
+
Berkeley DB
+
This is the preferred storage backend. It was the original backend for the filter and remains the most performant. b8's storage model is optimized for this database, as it is really fast and fits perfectly to what the filter needs to do the job. All content is saved in a single file, you don't need special user rights or a database server.
+If you don't know whether your server's PHP can use a Berkeley DB, simply run the script install/setup_berkeleydb.php. If it shows a Berkeley DB handler, please use this backend.
+
MySQL
+
As some webspace hosters don't allow using a Berkeley DB (but please be sure to check if you can use it!), but most do provide a MySQL server, using a MySQL table for the wordlist is provided as an alternative storage method. As said above, b8 was always intended to use a Berkeley DB. It doesn't use or need SQL to query the database. So, very likely, this will work less performant, produce a lot of unnecessary overhead and waste computing power. But it will do fine anyway!
+
+

See Configuration of the storage backend for the settings of the chosen backend.

+
+
degenerator
+
The degenerator class to be used. See How does it work? and [3] if you're interested in what "degeneration" is. Defaults to default (string). At the moment, only one degenerator exists, so you probably don't want to change this unless you have written your own degenerator.
+
lexer
+

The lexer class to be used. Defaults to default (string). At the moment, only one lexer exists, so you probably don't want to change this unless you have written your own lexer.

+

The behaviour of the lexer can be additionally configured with the following variables:

+
+
+
min_size
+
The minimal length for a token to be considered when calculating the rating of a text. Defaults to 3 (integer).
+
max_size
+
The maximal length for a token to be considered when calculating the rating of a text. Defaults to 30 (integer).
+
allow_numbers
+
Should pure numbers also be considered? Defaults to FALSE (boolean).
+
+
+
+
+
+

The following settings influence the mathematical internals of b8. If you want to experiment, feel free to play around with them; but be warned: wrong settings of these values will result in poor performance or could even "short-circuit" the filter.
+Leave these values as they are unless you know what you are doing!

+

The "Statistical discussion about b8" [6] shows why the default values are the default ones.

+
+
+
use_relevant
+
This tells b8 how many tokens should be used when calculating the spamminess of a text. The default setting is 15 (integer). This seems to be a quite reasonable value. When using to many tokens, the filter will fail on texts filled with useless stuff or with passages from a newspaper, etc. not being very spammish.
+The tokens counted multiple times (see above) are added in addition to this value. They don't replace other ratings.
+
min_dev
+
This defines a minimum deviation from 0.5 that a token's rating must have to be considered when calculating the spamminess. Tokens with a rating closer to 0.5 than this value will simply be skipped.
+If you don't want to use this feature, set this to 0. Defaults to 0.2 (float). Read [6] before increasing this.
+
rob_x
+
This is Gary Robinson's x constant (cf. [4]). A completely unknown token will be rated with the value of rob_x. The default 0.5 (float) seems to be quite reasonable, as we can't say if a token that also can't be rated by degeneration is good or bad.
+If you receive much more spam than ham or vice versa, you could change this setting accordingly.
+
rob_s
+
This is Gary Robinson's s constant. This is essentially the probability that the rob_x value is correct for a completely unknown token. It will also shift the probability of rarely seen tokens towards this value. The default is 0.3 (float)
+See [4] for a closer description of the s constant and read [6] for specific information about this constant in b8's algorithms.
+
+
+
+
+

4.2   Configuration of the storage backend

+

All the following values can be set in the "config_database" array (the second parameter) passed to b8. The name of the array doesn't matter (of course), it just has to be the second argument.

+
+

4.2.1   Settings for the Berkeley DB (DBA) backend

+
+
database
+
The filename of the database file, relative to the location of b8.php. Defaults to wordlist.db (string).
+
handler
+
The DBA handler to use (cf. the PHP documentation and Setting up a new Berkeley DB). Defaults to db4 (string).
+
+
+
+

4.2.2   Settings for the MySQL backend

+
+
database
+
The database containing b8's wordlist table. Defaults to b8_wordlist (string).
+
table_name
+
The table containing b8's wordlist. Defaults to b8_wordlist (string).
+
host
+
The host of the MySQL server. Defaults to localhost (string).
+
user
+
The user name used to open the database connection. Defaults to FALSE (boolean).
+
pass
+
The password required to open the database connection. Defaults to FALSE (boolean).
+
connection
+
An existing MySQL link-resource that can be used by b8. Defaults to NULL (NULL).
+
+
+
+
+
+

5   Using b8

+

Now, that everything is configured, you can start to use b8. A sample script that shows what can be done with the filter exists in example/index.php. The best thing for testing how all this works is to use this script before using b8 in your own scripts.

+

Before you can start, you have to setup a database so that b8 can store a wordlist.

+
+

5.1   Setting up a new database

+
+

5.1.1   Setting up a new Berkeley DB

+

I wrote a script to setup a new Berkeley DB for b8. It is located in install/setup_berkeleydb.php. Just run this script on your server and be sure that the directory containing it has the proper access rights set so that the server's HTTP server user or PHP user can create a new file in it (probably 0777). The script is quite self-explaining, just run it.

+

Of course, you can also create a Berkeley DB by hand. In this case, you just have to insert three keys:

+
+bayes*dbversion  => 2
+bayes*texts.ham  => 0
+bayes*texts.spam => 0
+
+

Be sure to set the right DBA handler in the storage backend configuration if it's not db4.

+
+
+

5.1.2   Setting up a new MySQL table

+

The SQL file install/setup_mysql.sql contains both the create statement for the wordlist table of b8 and the INSERT statements for adding the necessary internal variables.

+

Simply change the table name according to your needs (or leave it as it is ;-) and run the SQL to setup a b8 wordlist MySQL table.

+
+
+
+

5.2   Using b8 in your scripts

+

Just have a look at the example script located in example/index.php to see how you can include b8 in your scripts. Essentially, this strips down to:

+
+# Include the b8 code
+require "{$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']}/b8/b8.php";
+
+# Do some configuration
+
+$config_b8 = array(
+        'some_key' => 'some_value',
+        'foo' => 'bar'
+);
+
+$config_database = array(
+        'some_key' => 'some_value',
+        'foo' => 'bar'
+);
+
+# Create a new b8 instance
+$b8 = new b8($config_b8, $config_database);
+
+

b8 provides three functions in an object oriented way (called e. g. via $b8->classify($text)):

+
+
learn($text, $category)
+
This saves the reference text $text (string) in the category $category (b8 constant).
+b8 0.5 introduced two constants that can be used as $category: b8::HAM and b8::SPAM. To be downward compatible with older versions of b8, the literal values "ham" and "spam" (case-sensitive strings) can still be used here.
+
unlearn($text, $category)
+
This function just exists to delete a text from a category in which is has been stored accidentally before. It deletes the reference text $text (string) from the category $category (either the constants b8::HAM or b8::SPAM or the literal case-sensitive strings "ham" or "spam" – cf. above).
+Don't delete a spam text from ham after saving it in spam or vice versa, as long you don't have stored it accidentally in the wrong category before! This will not improve performance, quite the opposite: it will actually break the filter after a time, as the counter for saved ham or spam texts will reach 0, although you have ham or spam tokens stored: the filter will try to remove texts from the ham or spam data which have never been stored there, decrease the counter for tokens which are found just skip the non-existing words.
+
classify($text)
+
This function takes the text $text (string), calculates it's probability for being spam it and returns a value between 0 and 1 (float).
+A value close to 0 says the text is more likely ham and a value close to 1 says the text is more likely spam. What to do with this value is your business ;-) See also Tips on operation below.
+
+
+
+
+

6   Tips on operation

+

Before b8 can decide whether a text is spam or ham, you have to tell it what you consider as spam or ham. At least one learned spam or one learned ham text is needed to calculate anything. To get good ratings, you need both learned ham and learned spam texts, the more the better.
+What's considered as "ham" or "spam" can be very different, depending on the operation site. On my homepage, practically each and every text posted in English or using cyrillic letters is spam. On an English or Russian homepage, this will be not the case. So I think it's not really meaningful to provide some "spam data" to start. Just train b8 with "your" spam and ham.

+

For the practical use, I advise to give the filter all data availible. E. g. name, email address, homepage, IP address und of course the text itself should be stored in a variable (e. g. separated with an \n or just a space or tab after each block) and then be classified. The learning should also be done with all data availible.
+Saving the IP address is probably only meaningful for spam entries, because spammers often use the same IP address multiple times. In principle, you can leave out the IP of ham entries.

+

You can use b8 e. g. in a guestbook script and let it classify the text before saving it. Everyone has to decide which rating is necessary to classify a text as "spam", but a rating of >= 0.8 seems to be reasonable for me. If one expects the spam to be in another language that the ham entries or the spams are very short normally, one could also think about a limit of 0.7.
+The email filters out there mostly use > 0.9 or even > 0.99; but keep in mind that they have way more data to analyze in most of the cases. A guestbook entry may be quite short, especially when it's spam.

+

In my opinion, a autolearn function is very handy. I save spam messages with a rating higher than 0.7 but less than 0.9 automatically as spam. I don't do this with ham messages in an automated way to prevent the filter from saving a false negative as ham and then classifying and learning all the spam as ham when I'm on holidays ;-)

+
+
+

7   Closing

+

So … that's it. Thanks for using b8! If you find a bug or have an idea how to make b8 better, let me know. I'm also always looking forward to get e-mails from people using b8 on their homepages :-)

+
+
+

8   References

+ + + + + +
[2](1, 2) Paul Graham, A Plan For Spam (http://paulgraham.com/spam.html)
+ + + + + +
[3](1, 2, 3) Paul Graham, Better Bayesian Filtering (http://paulgraham.com/better.html)
+ + + + + +
[4](1, 2, 3, 4) Gary Robinson, Spam Detection (http://radio.weblogs.com/0101454/stories/2002/09/16/spamDetection.html)
+ + + + + +
[5]A Statistical Approach to the Spam Problem (http://linuxjournal.com/article/6467)
+ + + + + +
[6](1, 2, 3) Tobias Leupold, Statistical discussion about b8 (http://nasauber.de/opensource/b8/discussion/)
+
+
+

9   Appendix

+
+

9.1   FAQ

+
+

9.1.1   What about more than two categories?

+

I wrote b8 with the KISS principle in mind. For the "end-user", we have a class with almost no setup to do that can do three things: classify a text, learn a text and un-learn a text. Normally, there's no need to un-learn a text, so essentially, there are only two functions we need.
+This simplicity is only possible because b8 only knows two categories (normally "Ham" and "Spam" or some other category pair) and tells you, in one float number between 0 and 1, if a given texts rather fits in the first or the second category. If we would support multiple categories, more work would have to be done and things would become more complicated. One would have to setup the categories, have another database layout (perhaps making it mandatory to have SQL) and one float number would not be sufficient to describe b8's output, so more code would be needed – even outside of b8.

+

All the code, the database layout and particularly the math is intended to do exactly one thing: distinguish between two categories. I think it would be a lot of work to change b8 so that it would support more than two categories. Probably, this is possible to do, but don't ask me in which way we would have to change the math to get multiple-category support – I'm a dentist, not a mathematician ;-)
+Apart from this I do believe that most people using b8 don't want or need multiple categories. They just want to know if a text is spam or not, don't they? I do, at least ;-)

+

But let's think about the multiple-category thing. How would we calculate a rating for more than two categories? If we had a third one, let's call it "Treet", how would we calculate a rating? We could calculate three different ratings. One for "Ham", one for "Spam" and one for "Treet" and choose the highest one to tell the user what category fits best for the text. This could be done by using a small wrapper script using three instances of b8 as-is and three different databases, each containing texts being "Ham", "Spam", "Treet" and the respective counterparts.
+But here's the problem: if we have "Ham" and "Spam", "Spam" is the counterpart of "Ham". But what's the counterpart of "Spam" if we have more than one additional category? Where do the "Non-Ham", "Non-Spam" and "Non-Treet" texts come from?

+

Another approach, a direct calculation of more than two probabilities (the "Ham" probability is simply 1 minus the "Spam" probability, so we actually get two probabilities with the return value of b8) out of one database would require big changes in b8's structure and math.

+

There's a project called PHPNaiveBayesianFilter which supports multiple categories by default. The author calls his software "Version 1.0", but I think this is the very first release, not a stable or mature one. The most recent change of that release dates back to 2003 according to the "changed" date of the files inside the zip archive, so probably, this project is dead or has never been alive and under active development at all.
+Actually, I played around with that code but the results weren't really good, so I decided to write my own spam filter from scratch back in early 2006 ;-)

+

All in all, there seems to be no easy way to implement multiple (meaning more than two) categories using b8's current code base and probably, b8 will never support more than two categories. Perhaps, a fork or a complete re-write would be better than implementing such a feature. Anyway, I don't close my mind to multiple categories in b8. Feel free to tell me how multiple categories could be implementented in b8 or how a multiple-category version using the same code base (sharing a common abstract class?) could be written.

+
+
+

9.1.2   What about a list with words to ignore?

+

Some people suggested to introduce a list with words that b8 will simply ignore. Like "and", "or", "the", and so on. I don't think this is very meaningful.

+

First, it would just work for the particular language that has been stored in the list. Speaking of my homepage, most of my spam is English, almost all my ham is German. So I would have to maintain a list with the probably less interesting words for at least two languages. Additionally, I get spam in Chinese, Japanese and Cyrillic writing or something else I can't read as well. What word should be ignored in those texts?
+Second, why should we ever exclude words? Who tells us those words are actually meaningless? If a word appears both in ham and spam, it's rating will be near 0.5 and so, it won't be used for the final calculation if a appropriate minimum deviation was set. So b8 will exclude it anyway without any blacklist. And think of this: if we excluded a word of which we only think it doesn't mean anything but it actually does appear more often in ham or spam, the results will get even worse.

+

So why should we care about things we do not have to care about? ;-)

+
+
+

9.1.3   Why is it called "b8"?

+

The initial name for the filter was (damn creative!) "bayes-php". There were two main reasons for searching another name: 1. "bayes-php" sucks. 2. the PHP License says the PHP guys do not like when the name of a script written in PHP contains the word "PHP". Read the License FAQ for a reasonable argumentation about this.

+

Luckily, Tobias Lang proposed the new name "b8". And these are the reasons why I chose this name:

+
    +
  • "bayes-php" is a "b" followed by 8 letters.
    • +
  • "b8" is short and handy. Additionally, there was no program with the name "b8" or "bate"
    • +
  • The English verb "to bate" means "to decrease" – and that's what b8 does: it decreases the number of spam entries in your weblog or guestbook!
    • +
  • "b8" just sounds way cooler than "bayes-php" ;-)
    • +
+
+
+
+

9.2   About the database

+
+

9.2.1   The database layout

+

The database layout is quite simple. It's just key:value for everything stored. There are three "internal" variables stored as normal tokens (but all containing a * which is always used as a split character by the lexer, so we can't get collisions):

+
+
bayes*dbversion
+
This indicates the database's "version". The first versions of b8 did not set this. Version "2" indicates that we have a database created by a b8 version already storing the "lastseen" parameter.
+
bayes*texts.ham
+
The number of ham texts learned.
+
bayes*texts.spam
+
The number of spam texts learned.
+
+

Each "normal" token is stored with it's literal name as the key and it's data as the value. The data consists of the count of the token in all ham and spam texts and the date when the token was used the last time, all in one string and separated by spaces. So we have the following scheme:

+
+"token" => "count_ham count_spam lastseen"
+
+
+
+

9.2.2   The "lastseen" parameter

+

Somebody looking at the code might be wondering why b8 stores this "lastseen" parameter. This value is not used for any calculation at the moment. Initially, it was intended to keep the database maintainable in a way that "old" data could be removed. When e. g. a token only appeared once in ham or spam and has not been seen for a year, one could simply delete it from the database.
+I actually never used this feature (does anybody?). So probably, some changes will be done to this one day. Perhaps, I find a way to include this data in the spamminess calculation in a meaningful way, or at least for some statistics. One could also make this optional to keep the calculation effort small if this is needed.

+

Feel free to send me any suggestions about this!

+
+
+
+
+ + diff --git a/library/spam/doc/readme.rst b/library/spam/doc/readme.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..451b28326 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/doc/readme.rst @@ -0,0 +1,371 @@ +========== +b8: readme +========== + +:Author: Tobias Leupold +:Homepage: http://nasauber.de/ +:Contact: tobias.leupold@web.de +:Date: |date| + +.. contents:: Table of Contents + +Description of b8 +================= + +What is b8? +----------- + +b8 is a spam filter implemented in `PHP `__. It is intended to keep your weblog or guestbook spam-free. The filter can be used anywhere in your PHP code and tells you whether a text is spam or not, using statistical text analysis. See `How does it work?`_ for details about this. To be able to do this, b8 first has to learn some spam and some ham example texts to decide what's good and what's not. If it makes mistakes classifying unknown texts, they can be corrected and b8 learns from the corrections, getting better with each learned text. + +At the moment of this writing, b8 has classified 14411 guestbook entries and weblog comments on my homepage since december 2006. 131 were ham. 39 spam texts (0.27 %) have been rated as ham (false negatives), with not even one false positive (ham message classified as spam). This results in a sensitivity of 99.73 % (the probability that a spam text will actually be rated as spam) and a specifity of 100 % (the probability that a ham text will actually be rated as ham) for me. I hope, you'll get the same good results :-) + +Basically, b8 is a statistical ("Bayesian"[#]_) spam filter like `Bogofilter `__ or `SpamBayes `__, but it is not intended to classify e-mails. When I started to write b8, I didn't find a good PHP spam filter (or any spam filter that wasn't just some example code how one *could* implement a Bayesian spam filter in PHP) that was intended to filter weblog or guestbook entries. That's why I had to write my own ;-) |br| +Caused by it's purpose, the way b8 works is slightly different from most of the Bayesian email spam filters out there. See `What's different?`_ if you're interested in the details. + +.. [#] A mathematician told me that the math in b8 actually does not use Bayes' theorem but some derived algorithms that are just related to it. So … let's simply believe that and stop claiming b8 was a *Bayesian* spam filter ;-) + +How does it work? +----------------- + +b8 basically uses the math and technique described in Paul Graham's article "A Plan For Spam" [#planforspam]_ to distinguish ham and spam. The improvements proposed in Graham's article "Better Bayesian Filtering" [#betterbayesian]_ and Gary Robinson's article "Spam Detection" [#spamdetection]_ have also been considered. See also the article "A Statistical Approach to the Spam Problem" [#statisticalapproach]_. + +b8 cuts the text to classify to pieces, extracting stuff like e-mail addresses, links and HTML tags. For each such token, it calculates a single probability for a text containing it being spam, based on what the filter has learned so far. When the token was not seen before, b8 tries to find similar ones using the "degeneration" described in [#betterbayesian]_ and uses the most relevant value found. If really nothing is found, b8 assumes a default rating for this token for the further calculations. |br| +Then, b8 takes the most relevant values (which have a rating far from 0.5, which would mean we don't know what it is) and calculates the probability that the whole text is spam by the inverse chi-square function described in [#spamdetection]_. +There are some parameters that can be set which influence the filter's behaviour (see below). + +In short words: you give b8 a text and it returns a value between 0 and 1, saying it's ham when it's near 0 and saying it's spam when it's near 1. + +What do I need for it? +---------------------- + +Not much! You just need PHP 5 on the server where b8 will be used (b8 version 0.5 finally dropped PHP 4 compatibility – thankfully ;-) and a proper storage possibility for the wordlists. I strongly recommend using `Berkeley DB `_. See below how you can check if you can use it and why you should use it. If the server's PHP wasn't compiled with Berkeley DB support, a `MySQL `_ table can be used alternatively. + +What's different? +----------------- + +b8 is designed to classify weblog or guestbook entries, not e-mails. For this reason, it uses a slightly different technique than most of the other statistical spam filters out there use. + +My experience was that spam entries on my weblog or guestbook were often quite short, sometimes just something like "123abc" as text and a link to a suspect homepage. Some spam bots don't even made a difference between e. g. the "name" and "text" fields and posted their text as email address, for example. Considering this, b8 just takes one string to classify, making no difference between "headers" and "text". |br| +The other thing is that most statistical spam filters count one token one time, no matter how often it appears in the text (as Graham describes it in [#planforspam]_). b8 does count how often a token was seen and learns or considers this. Additionally, the number of learned ham and spam texts are saved and used as the calculation base for the single probabilities. Why this? Because a text containing one link (no matter where it points to, just indicated by a "\h\t\t\p\:\/\/" or a "www.") might not be spam, but a text containing 20 links might be. + +This means that b8 might be good for classifying weblog or guestbook entries (I really think it is ;-) – but very likely, it will work quite poor when being used for something else (like classifying e-mails). But as said above, for this task, there are a lot of very good filters out there to choose from. + +Update from prior versions +========================== + +If this is a new b8 installation, read on at the `Installation`_ section! + +Update from bayes-php version 0.2.1 or earlier +---------------------------------------------- + +Please first follow the database update instructions of the bayes-php-0.3 release if you update from a version prior to bayes-php-0.3 and then read the following paragraph about updating from a version <0.3.3. + +Update from bayes-php version 0.3 or later +------------------------------------------ + +**You use Berkeley DB?** + Everything's fine, you can simply continue using your database. + +**You use MySQL?** + The ``CREATE`` statement of b8's wordlist has changed. The best is probably to create a dump via your favorite administration tool or script, create the new table and re-insert all data. The layout is still the same: there's one "token" column and one "data" column. Having done that, you can keep using your data. + +**You use SQLite?** + Sorry, at the moment, there's no SQLite backend for b8. But we're working on it :-) + +The configuration model of b8 has changed. Please read through the `Configuration`_ section and update your configuration accordingly. + +b8's lexer has been partially re-written. It should now be able to handle all kind of non-latin-1 input, like cyrillic, chinese or japanese texts. Caused by this fact, much more tokens will be recognized when classifying such texts. Therefore, you could get different results in b8's ratings, even if the same database is used and although the math is still the same. + +b8 0.5 introduced two constants that can be used in the ``learn()`` and ``unlearn()`` functions: ``b8::HAM`` and ``b8::SPAM``. The literal values "ham" and "spam" can still be used anyway. + +Installation +============ + +Installing b8 on your server is quite easy. You just have to provide the needed files. To do this, you could just upload the whole ``b8`` subdirectory to the base directory of your homepage. It contains the filter itself and all needed backend classes. The other directories (``doc``, ``example`` and ``install``) are not used by b8. + +That's it ;-) + +Configuration +============= + +The configuration is passed as arrays when instantiating a new b8 object. Two arrays can be passed to b8, one containing b8's base configuration and some settings for the lexer (which should be common for all lexer classes, in case some other lexer than the default one will be written one day) and one for the storage backend. |br| +You can have a look at ``example/index.php`` to see how this can be done. `Using b8 in your scripts`_ also shows example code showing how b8 can be included in a PHP script. + +Not all values have to be set. When some values are missing, the default ones will be used. If you do use the default settings, you don't have to pass them to b8. + +b8's base configuration +----------------------- + +All these values can be set in the "config_b8" array (the first parameter) passed to b8. The name of the array doesn't matter (of course), it just has to be the first argument. + +These are some basic settings telling b8 which backend classes to use: + + **storage** + This defines which storage backend will be used to save b8's wordlist. Currently, two backends are available: `Berkeley DB `_ (``dba``) and `MySQL `_ (``mysql``). At the moment, b8 does not support `SQLite `_ (as the previous version did), but it will be (hopefully) re-added in one of the next releases. The default is ``dba`` (string). + + *Berkeley DB* + This is the preferred storage backend. It was the original backend for the filter and remains the most performant. b8's storage model is optimized for this database, as it is really fast and fits perfectly to what the filter needs to do the job. All content is saved in a single file, you don't need special user rights or a database server. |br| + If you don't know whether your server's PHP can use a Berkeley DB, simply run the script ``install/setup_berkeleydb.php``. If it shows a Berkeley DB handler, please use this backend. + + *MySQL* + As some webspace hosters don't allow using a Berkeley DB (but please be sure to check if you can use it!), but most do provide a MySQL server, using a MySQL table for the wordlist is provided as an alternative storage method. As said above, b8 was always intended to use a Berkeley DB. It doesn't use or need SQL to query the database. So, very likely, this will work less performant, produce a lot of unnecessary overhead and waste computing power. But it will do fine anyway! + + See `Configuration of the storage backend`_ for the settings of the chosen backend. + + **degenerator** + The degenerator class to be used. See `How does it work?`_ and [#betterbayesian]_ if you're interested in what "degeneration" is. Defaults to ``default`` (string). At the moment, only one degenerator exists, so you probably don't want to change this unless you have written your own degenerator. + + **lexer** + The lexer class to be used. Defaults to ``default`` (string). At the moment, only one lexer exists, so you probably don't want to change this unless you have written your own lexer. + + The behaviour of the lexer can be additionally configured with the following variables: + + **min_size** + The minimal length for a token to be considered when calculating the rating of a text. Defaults to ``3`` (integer). + + **max_size** + The maximal length for a token to be considered when calculating the rating of a text. Defaults to ``30`` (integer). + + **allow_numbers** + Should pure numbers also be considered? Defaults to ``FALSE`` (boolean). + +The following settings influence the mathematical internals of b8. If you want to experiment, feel free to play around with them; but be warned: wrong settings of these values will result in poor performance or could even "short-circuit" the filter. |br| +Leave these values as they are unless you know what you are doing! + +The "Statistical discussion about b8" [#b8statistic]_ shows why the default values are the default ones. + + **use_relevant** + This tells b8 how many tokens should be used when calculating the spamminess of a text. The default setting is ``15`` (integer). This seems to be a quite reasonable value. When using to many tokens, the filter will fail on texts filled with useless stuff or with passages from a newspaper, etc. not being very spammish. |br| + The tokens counted multiple times (see above) are added in addition to this value. They don't replace other ratings. + + **min_dev** + This defines a minimum deviation from 0.5 that a token's rating must have to be considered when calculating the spamminess. Tokens with a rating closer to 0.5 than this value will simply be skipped. |br| + If you don't want to use this feature, set this to ``0``. Defaults to ``0.2`` (float). Read [#b8statistic]_ before increasing this. + + **rob_x** + This is Gary Robinson's *x* constant (cf. [#spamdetection]_). A completely unknown token will be rated with the value of ``rob_x``. The default ``0.5`` (float) seems to be quite reasonable, as we can't say if a token that also can't be rated by degeneration is good or bad. |br| + If you receive much more spam than ham or vice versa, you could change this setting accordingly. + + **rob_s** + This is Gary Robinson's *s* constant. This is essentially the probability that the *rob_x* value is correct for a completely unknown token. It will also shift the probability of rarely seen tokens towards this value. The default is ``0.3`` (float) |br| + See [#spamdetection]_ for a closer description of the *s* constant and read [#b8statistic]_ for specific information about this constant in b8's algorithms. + +Configuration of the storage backend +------------------------------------ + +All the following values can be set in the "config_database" array (the second parameter) passed to b8. The name of the array doesn't matter (of course), it just has to be the second argument. + +Settings for the Berkeley DB (DBA) backend +`````````````````````````````````````````` +**database** + The filename of the database file, relative to the location of ``b8.php``. Defaults to ``wordlist.db`` (string). + +**handler** + The DBA handler to use (cf. `the PHP documentation `_ and `Setting up a new Berkeley DB`_). Defaults to ``db4`` (string). + +Settings for the MySQL backend +`````````````````````````````` + +**database** + The database containing b8's wordlist table. Defaults to ``b8_wordlist`` (string). + +**table_name** + The table containing b8's wordlist. Defaults to ``b8_wordlist`` (string). + +**host** + The host of the MySQL server. Defaults to ``localhost`` (string). + +**user** + The user name used to open the database connection. Defaults to ``FALSE`` (boolean). + +**pass** + The password required to open the database connection. Defaults to ``FALSE`` (boolean). + +**connection** + An existing MySQL link-resource that can be used by b8. Defaults to ``NULL`` (NULL). + +Using b8 +======== + +Now, that everything is configured, you can start to use b8. A sample script that shows what can be done with the filter exists in ``example/index.php``. The best thing for testing how all this works is to use this script before using b8 in your own scripts. + +Before you can start, you have to setup a database so that b8 can store a wordlist. + +Setting up a new database +------------------------- + +Setting up a new Berkeley DB +```````````````````````````` + +I wrote a script to setup a new Berkeley DB for b8. It is located in ``install/setup_berkeleydb.php``. Just run this script on your server and be sure that the directory containing it has the proper access rights set so that the server's HTTP server user or PHP user can create a new file in it (probably ``0777``). The script is quite self-explaining, just run it. + +Of course, you can also create a Berkeley DB by hand. In this case, you just have to insert three keys: + +:: + + bayes*dbversion => 2 + bayes*texts.ham => 0 + bayes*texts.spam => 0 + +Be sure to set the right DBA handler in the storage backend configuration if it's not ``db4``. + +Setting up a new MySQL table +```````````````````````````` + +The SQL file ``install/setup_mysql.sql`` contains both the create statement for the wordlist table of b8 and the ``INSERT`` statements for adding the necessary internal variables. + +Simply change the table name according to your needs (or leave it as it is ;-) and run the SQL to setup a b8 wordlist MySQL table. + +Using b8 in your scripts +------------------------ + +Just have a look at the example script located in ``example/index.php`` to see how you can include b8 in your scripts. Essentially, this strips down to: + +:: + + # Include the b8 code + require "{$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']}/b8/b8.php"; + + # Do some configuration + + $config_b8 = array( + 'some_key' => 'some_value', + 'foo' => 'bar' + ); + + $config_database = array( + 'some_key' => 'some_value', + 'foo' => 'bar' + ); + + # Create a new b8 instance + $b8 = new b8($config_b8, $config_database); + +b8 provides three functions in an object oriented way (called e. g. via ``$b8->classify($text)``): + +**learn($text, $category)** + This saves the reference text ``$text`` (string) in the category ``$category`` (b8 constant). |br| + b8 0.5 introduced two constants that can be used as ``$category``: ``b8::HAM`` and ``b8::SPAM``. To be downward compatible with older versions of b8, the literal values "ham" and "spam" (case-sensitive strings) can still be used here. + +**unlearn($text, $category)** + This function just exists to delete a text from a category in which is has been stored accidentally before. It deletes the reference text ``$text`` (string) from the category ``$category`` (either the constants ``b8::HAM`` or ``b8::SPAM`` or the literal case-sensitive strings "ham" or "spam" – cf. above). |br| + **Don't delete a spam text from ham after saving it in spam or vice versa, as long you don't have stored it accidentally in the wrong category before!** This will not improve performance, quite the opposite: it will actually break the filter after a time, as the counter for saved ham or spam texts will reach 0, although you have ham or spam tokens stored: the filter will try to remove texts from the ham or spam data which have never been stored there, decrease the counter for tokens which are found just skip the non-existing words. + +**classify($text)** + This function takes the text ``$text`` (string), calculates it's probability for being spam it and returns a value between 0 and 1 (float). |br| + A value close to 0 says the text is more likely ham and a value close to 1 says the text is more likely spam. What to do with this value is *your* business ;-) See also `Tips on operation`_ below. + +Tips on operation +================= + +Before b8 can decide whether a text is spam or ham, you have to tell it what you consider as spam or ham. At least one learned spam or one learned ham text is needed to calculate anything. To get good ratings, you need both learned ham and learned spam texts, the more the better. |br| +What's considered as "ham" or "spam" can be very different, depending on the operation site. On my homepage, practically each and every text posted in English or using cyrillic letters is spam. On an English or Russian homepage, this will be not the case. So I think it's not really meaningful to provide some "spam data" to start. Just train b8 with "your" spam and ham. + +For the practical use, I advise to give the filter all data availible. E. g. name, email address, homepage, IP address und of course the text itself should be stored in a variable (e. g. separated with an ``\n`` or just a space or tab after each block) and then be classified. The learning should also be done with all data availible. |br| +Saving the IP address is probably only meaningful for spam entries, because spammers often use the same IP address multiple times. In principle, you can leave out the IP of ham entries. + +You can use b8 e. g. in a guestbook script and let it classify the text before saving it. Everyone has to decide which rating is necessary to classify a text as "spam", but a rating of >= 0.8 seems to be reasonable for me. If one expects the spam to be in another language that the ham entries or the spams are very short normally, one could also think about a limit of 0.7. |br| +The email filters out there mostly use > 0.9 or even > 0.99; but keep in mind that they have way more data to analyze in most of the cases. A guestbook entry may be quite short, especially when it's spam. + +In my opinion, a autolearn function is very handy. I save spam messages with a rating higher than 0.7 but less than 0.9 automatically as spam. I don't do this with ham messages in an automated way to prevent the filter from saving a false negative as ham and then classifying and learning all the spam as ham when I'm on holidays ;-) + +Closing +======= + +So … that's it. Thanks for using b8! If you find a bug or have an idea how to make b8 better, let me know. I'm also always looking forward to get e-mails from people using b8 on their homepages :-) + +References +========== + +.. [#planforspam] Paul Graham, *A Plan For Spam* (http://paulgraham.com/spam.html) +.. [#betterbayesian] Paul Graham, *Better Bayesian Filtering* (http://paulgraham.com/better.html) +.. [#spamdetection] Gary Robinson, *Spam Detection* (http://radio.weblogs.com/0101454/stories/2002/09/16/spamDetection.html) +.. [#statisticalapproach] *A Statistical Approach to the Spam Problem* (http://linuxjournal.com/article/6467) +.. [#b8statistic] Tobias Leupold, *Statistical discussion about b8* (http://nasauber.de/opensource/b8/discussion/) + +Appendix +======== + +FAQ +--- + +What about more than two categories? +```````````````````````````````````` + +I wrote b8 with the `KISS principle `__ in mind. For the "end-user", we have a class with almost no setup to do that can do three things: classify a text, learn a text and un-learn a text. Normally, there's no need to un-learn a text, so essentially, there are only two functions we need. |br| +This simplicity is only possible because b8 only knows two categories (normally "Ham" and "Spam" or some other category pair) and tells you, in one float number between 0 and 1, if a given texts rather fits in the first or the second category. If we would support multiple categories, more work would have to be done and things would become more complicated. One would have to setup the categories, have another database layout (perhaps making it mandatory to have SQL) and one float number would not be sufficient to describe b8's output, so more code would be needed – even outside of b8. + +All the code, the database layout and particularly the math is intended to do exactly one thing: distinguish between two categories. I think it would be a lot of work to change b8 so that it would support more than two categories. Probably, this is possible to do, but don't ask me in which way we would have to change the math to get multiple-category support – I'm a dentist, not a mathematician ;-) |br| +Apart from this I do believe that most people using b8 don't want or need multiple categories. They just want to know if a text is spam or not, don't they? I do, at least ;-) + +But let's think about the multiple-category thing. How would we calculate a rating for more than two categories? If we had a third one, let's call it "`Treet `__", how would we calculate a rating? We could calculate three different ratings. One for "Ham", one for "Spam" and one for "Treet" and choose the highest one to tell the user what category fits best for the text. This could be done by using a small wrapper script using three instances of b8 as-is and three different databases, each containing texts being "Ham", "Spam", "Treet" and the respective counterparts. |br| +But here's the problem: if we have "Ham" and "Spam", "Spam" is the counterpart of "Ham". But what's the counterpart of "Spam" if we have more than one additional category? Where do the "Non-Ham", "Non-Spam" and "Non-Treet" texts come from? + +Another approach, a direct calculation of more than two probabilities (the "Ham" probability is simply 1 minus the "Spam" probability, so we actually get two probabilities with the return value of b8) out of one database would require big changes in b8's structure and math. + +There's a project called `PHPNaiveBayesianFilter `__ which supports multiple categories by default. The author calls his software "Version 1.0", but I think this is the very first release, not a stable or mature one. The most recent change of that release dates back to 2003 according to the "changed" date of the files inside the zip archive, so probably, this project is dead or has never been alive and under active development at all. |br| +Actually, I played around with that code but the results weren't really good, so I decided to write my own spam filter from scratch back in early 2006 ;-) + +All in all, there seems to be no easy way to implement multiple (meaning more than two) categories using b8's current code base and probably, b8 will never support more than two categories. Perhaps, a fork or a complete re-write would be better than implementing such a feature. Anyway, I don't close my mind to multiple categories in b8. Feel free to tell me how multiple categories could be implementented in b8 or how a multiple-category version using the same code base (sharing a common abstract class?) could be written. + +What about a list with words to ignore? +``````````````````````````````````````` + +Some people suggested to introduce a list with words that b8 will simply ignore. Like "and", "or", "the", and so on. I don't think this is very meaningful. + +First, it would just work for the particular language that has been stored in the list. Speaking of my homepage, most of my spam is English, almost all my ham is German. So I would have to maintain a list with the probably less interesting words for at least two languages. Additionally, I get spam in Chinese, Japanese and Cyrillic writing or something else I can't read as well. What word should be ignored in those texts? |br| +Second, why should we ever exclude words? Who tells us those words are *actually* meaningless? If a word appears both in ham and spam, it's rating will be near 0.5 and so, it won't be used for the final calculation if a appropriate minimum deviation was set. So b8 will exclude it anyway without any blacklist. And think of this: if we excluded a word of which we only *think* it doesn't mean anything but it actually does appear more often in ham or spam, the results will get even worse. + +So why should we care about things we do not have to care about? ;-) + + +Why is it called "b8"? +`````````````````````` + +The initial name for the filter was (damn creative!) "bayes-php". There were two main reasons for searching another name: 1. "bayes-php" sucks. 2. the `PHP License `_ says the PHP guys do not like when the name of a script written in PHP contains the word "PHP". Read the `License FAQ `_ for a reasonable argumentation about this. + +Luckily, `Tobias Lang `_ proposed the new name "b8". And these are the reasons why I chose this name: + +- "bayes-php" is a "b" followed by 8 letters. +- "b8" is short and handy. Additionally, there was no program with the name "b8" or "bate" +- The English verb "to bate" means "to decrease" – and that's what b8 does: it decreases the number of spam entries in your weblog or guestbook! +- "b8" just sounds way cooler than "bayes-php" ;-) + +About the database +------------------ + +The database layout +``````````````````` + +The database layout is quite simple. It's just key:value for everything stored. There are three "internal" variables stored as normal tokens (but all containing a ``*`` which is always used as a split character by the lexer, so we can't get collisions): + +**bayes*dbversion** + This indicates the database's "version". The first versions of b8 did not set this. Version "2" indicates that we have a database created by a b8 version already storing `the "lastseen" parameter`_. + +**bayes*texts.ham** + The number of ham texts learned. + +**bayes*texts.spam** + The number of spam texts learned. + +Each "normal" token is stored with it's literal name as the key and it's data as the value. The data consists of the count of the token in all ham and spam texts and the date when the token was used the last time, all in one string and separated by spaces. So we have the following scheme: + +:: + + "token" => "count_ham count_spam lastseen" + +The "lastseen" parameter +```````````````````````` + +Somebody looking at the code might be wondering why b8 stores this "lastseen" parameter. This value is not used for any calculation at the moment. Initially, it was intended to keep the database maintainable in a way that "old" data could be removed. When e. g. a token only appeared once in ham or spam and has not been seen for a year, one could simply delete it from the database. |br| +I actually never used this feature (does anybody?). So probably, some changes will be done to this one day. Perhaps, I find a way to include this data in the spamminess calculation in a meaningful way, or at least for some statistics. One could also make this optional to keep the calculation effort small if this is needed. + +Feel free to send me any suggestions about this! + +.. |br| raw:: html + +
+ +.. section-numbering:: + +.. |date| date:: diff --git a/library/spam/example/index.php b/library/spam/example/index.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d3c14260 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/example/index.php @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + + +### This is an example script demonstrating how b8 can be used. ### + +#/* + +# Use this code block if you want to use Berkeley DB. + +# The database filename is interpreted relative to the b8.php script location. + +$config_b8 = array( + 'storage' => 'dba' +); + +$config_database = array( + 'database' => 'wordlist.db', + 'handler' => 'db4' +); + +#*/ + +/* + +# Use this code block if you want to use MySQL. + +# An existing link resource can be passed to b8 by setting +# $config_database['connection'] to this link resource. +# Be sure to set your database access data otherwise! + +$config_b8 = array( + 'storage' => 'mysql' +); + +$config_database = array( + 'database' => 'test', + 'table_name' => 'b8_wordlist', + 'host' => 'localhost', + 'user' => '', + 'pass' => '' +); + +*/ + +# To be able to calculate the time the classification took + +$time_start = NULL; + +function microtimeFloat() +{ + list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime()); + return ((float) $usec + (float) $sec); +} + +# Output a nicely colored rating + +function formatRating($rating) +{ + + if($rating === FALSE) + return "could not calculate spaminess"; + + $red = floor(255 * $rating); + $green = floor(255 * (1 - $rating)); + + return "" . sprintf("%5f", $rating) . ""; + +} + +echo << + + + + + + + +example b8 interface + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +

example b8 interface

+ + +END; + +$postedText = ""; + +if(isset($_POST['action']) and $_POST['text'] == "") + echo "

Please type in a text!

\n\n"; + +elseif(isset($_POST['action']) and $_POST['text'] != "") { + + $time_start = microtimeFloat(); + + # Include the b8 code + require dirname(__FILE__) . "/../b8/b8.php"; + + # Create a new b8 instance + $b8 = new b8($config_b8, $config_database); + + # Check if everything worked smoothly + + $started_up = $b8->validate(); + + if($started_up !== TRUE) { + echo "example: Could not initialize b8. error code: $started_up"; + exit; + } + + $text = stripslashes($_POST['text']); + $postedText = htmlentities($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); + + switch($_POST['action']) { + + case "Classify": + echo "

Spaminess: " . formatRating($b8->classify($text)) . "

\n"; + break; + + case "Save as Spam": + + $ratingBefore = $b8->classify($text); + $b8->learn($text, b8::SPAM); + $ratingAfter = $b8->classify($text); + + echo "

Saved the text as Spam

\n\n"; + + echo "
\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "
Classification before learning:" . formatRating($ratingBefore) . "
Classification after learning:" . formatRating($ratingAfter) . "
\n\n"; + + break; + + case "Save as Ham": + + $ratingBefore = $b8->classify($text); + $b8->learn($text, b8::HAM); + $ratingAfter = $b8->classify($text); + + echo "

Saved the text as Ham

\n\n"; + + echo "
\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "
Classification before learning:" . formatRating($ratingBefore) . "
Classification after learning:" . formatRating($ratingAfter) . "
\n\n"; + + break; + + case "Delete from Spam": + $b8->unlearn($text, b8::SPAM); + echo "

Deleted the text from Spam

\n\n"; + break; + + case "Delete from Ham": + $b8->unlearn($text, b8::HAM); + echo "

Deleted the text from Ham

\n\n"; + break; + + } + + $mem_used = round(memory_get_usage() / 1048576, 5); + $peak_mem_used = round(memory_get_peak_usage() / 1048576, 5); + $time_taken = round(microtimeFloat() - $time_start, 5); + +} + +echo << +
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ + + +END; + +if($time_start !== NULL) { + +echo << + + + + +
Memory used: $mem_used MB
Peak memory used:$peak_mem_used MB
Time taken: $time_taken sec
+ + +END; + +} + +?> + + + + diff --git a/library/spam/install/setup_berkeleydb.php b/library/spam/install/setup_berkeleydb.php new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81e1d5afa --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/install/setup_berkeleydb.php @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ + +# +# This file is part of the b8 package +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +# License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +echo << + + + + + + + +b8 Berkeley DB setup + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +

b8 Berkeley DB setup

+ + +END; + +$failed = FALSE; + +if(isset($_POST['handler'])) { + + $dbfile = $_POST['dbfile']; + $dbfile_directory = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']); + + echo "

Creating database

\n\n"; + + echo "

\n"; + + echo "Checking database file name … "; + + if($dbfile == "") { + echo "Please provide the name of the database file!
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "$dbfile
\n"; + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Touching/Creating " . htmlentities($dbfile) . " … "; + + if(touch($dbfile) === FALSE) { + echo "Failed to touch the database file. Please check the given filename and/or fix the permissions of $dbfile_directory.
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "done
\n"; + + } + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Setting file permissions to 0666 &hellip "; + + if(chmod($dbfile, 0666) === FALSE) { + echo "Failed to change the permissions of $dbfile_directory/$dbfile. Please adjust them manually.
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "done
\n"; + + } + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Checking if the given file is empty &hellip "; + + if(filesize($dbfile) > 0) { + echo "$dbfile_directory/$dbfile is not empty. Can't create a new database. Please delete/empty this file or give another filename.
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "it is
\n"; + + } + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Connecting to $dbfile … "; + + $db = dba_open($dbfile, "c", $_POST['handler']); + + if($db === FALSE) { + echo "Could not connect to the database!
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "done
\n"; + + } + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Storing necessary internal variables &hellip "; + + $internals = array( + "bayes*dbversion" => "2", + "bayes*texts.ham" => "0", + "bayes*texts.spam" => "0" + ); + + foreach($internals as $key => $value) { + if(dba_insert($key, $value, $db) === FALSE) { + echo "Failed to insert data!
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + break; + } + } + + if(!$failed) + echo "done
\n"; + + } + + if(!$failed) { + + echo "Trying to read data from the database &hellip "; + + $dbversion = dba_fetch("bayes*dbversion", $db); + + if($dbversion != "2") { + echo "Failed to read data!
\n"; + $failed = TRUE; + } + else + echo "success
\n"; + } + + if(!$failed) { + + dba_close($db); + + echo "

\n\n"; + echo "

Successfully created a new b8 database!

\n\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "\n"; + echo "
Filename:$dbfile_directory/$dbfile
DBA handler:{$_POST['handler']}
\n\n"; + echo "

Move this file to it's destination directory (default: the base directory of b8) to use it with b8. Be sure to use the right DBA handler in b8's configuration."; + + } + + echo "

\n\n"; + +} + +if($failed === TRUE or !isset($_POST['handler'])) { + +echo << + +

DBA Handler

+ +

+The following table shows all available DBA handlers. Please choose the "Berkeley DB" one. +

+ + + + +END; + +foreach(dba_handlers(TRUE) as $name => $version) { + + $checked = ""; + + if(!isset($_POST['handler'])) { + if(strpos($version, "Berkeley") !== FALSE ) + $checked = " checked=\"checked\""; + } + else { + if($_POST['handler'] == $name) + $checked = " checked=\"checked\""; + } + + echo "\n"; + +} + +echo << + +

Database file

+ +

+Please the name of the desired database file. It will be created in the directory where this script is located. +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ + + + +END; + +} + +?> + + + + + + diff --git a/library/spam/install/setup_mysql.sql b/library/spam/install/setup_mysql.sql new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac43274e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spam/install/setup_mysql.sql @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + +-- Copyright (C) 2010 Tobias Leupold +-- +-- This file is part of the b8 package +-- +-- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it +-- under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by +-- the Free Software Foundation in version 2.1 of the License. +-- +-- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +-- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY +-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public +-- License for more details. +-- +-- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License +-- along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, +-- Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +CREATE TABLE `b8_wordlist` ( + `token` varchar(255) character set utf8 collate utf8_bin NOT NULL, + `count` varchar(255) default NULL, + PRIMARY KEY (`token`) +) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; + +INSERT INTO `b8_wordlist` VALUES ('bayes*dbversion', '2'); +INSERT INTO `b8_wordlist` VALUES ('bayes*texts.ham', '0'); +INSERT INTO `b8_wordlist` VALUES ('bayes*texts.spam', '0');
HandlerDescription
$name$version