PHP Markdown
============
PHP Markdown Lib 1.8.0 - 14 Jan 2018
by Michel Fortin
based on Markdown by John Gruber
Introduction
------------
This is a library package that includes the PHP Markdown parser and its
sibling PHP Markdown Extra with additional features.
Markdown is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown
allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text
format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML).
"Markdown" is actually two things: a plain text markup syntax, and a
software tool, originally written in Perl, that converts the plain text
markup to HTML. PHP Markdown is a port to PHP of the original Markdown
program by John Gruber.
* [Full documentation of the Markdown syntax]()
— Daring Fireball (John Gruber)
* [Markdown Extra syntax additions]()
— Michel Fortin
Requirement
-----------
This library package requires PHP 5.3 or later.
Note: The older plugin/library hybrid package for PHP Markdown and
PHP Markdown Extra is no longer maintained but will work with PHP 4.0.5 and
later.
Before PHP 5.3.7, pcre.backtrack_limit defaults to 100 000, which is too small
in many situations. You might need to set it to higher values. Later PHP
releases defaults to 1 000 000, which is usually fine.
Usage
-----
To use this library with Composer, first install it with:
$ composer require michelf/php-markdown
Then include Composer's generated vendor/autoload.php to [enable autoloading]:
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
Without Composer, for autoloading to work, your project needs an autoloader
compatible with PSR-4 or PSR-0. See the included Readme.php file for a minimal
autoloader setup. (If you cannot use autoloading, see below.)
With class autoloading in place:
use Michelf\Markdown;
$my_html = Markdown::defaultTransform($my_text);
Markdown Extra syntax is also available the same way:
use Michelf\MarkdownExtra;
$my_html = MarkdownExtra::defaultTransform($my_text);
If you wish to use PHP Markdown with another text filter function
built to parse HTML, you should filter the text *after* the `transform`
function call. This is an example with [PHP SmartyPants]:
use Michelf\Markdown, Michelf\SmartyPants;
$my_html = Markdown::defaultTransform($my_text);
$my_html = SmartyPants::defaultTransform($my_html);
All these examples are using the static `defaultTransform` static function
found inside the parser class. If you want to customize the parser
configuration, you can also instantiate it directly and change some
configuration variables:
use Michelf\MarkdownExtra;
$parser = new MarkdownExtra;
$parser->fn_id_prefix = "post22-";
$my_html = $parser->transform($my_text);
To learn more, see the full list of [configuration variables].
[enable autoloading]: https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#autoloading
[PHP SmartyPants]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-smartypants/
[configuration variables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/configuration/
### Usage without an autoloader
If you cannot use class autoloading, you can still use `include` or `require`
to access the parser. To load the `Michelf\Markdown` parser, do it this way:
require_once 'Michelf/Markdown.inc.php';
Or, if you need the `Michelf\MarkdownExtra` parser:
require_once 'Michelf/MarkdownExtra.inc.php';
While the plain `.php` files depend on autoloading to work correctly, using the
`.inc.php` files instead will eagerly load the dependencies that would be
loaded on demand if you were using autoloading.
Public API and Versioning Policy
---------------------------------
Version numbers are of the form *major*.*minor*.*patch*.
The public API of PHP Markdown consist of the two parser classes `Markdown`
and `MarkdownExtra`, their constructors, the `transform` and `defaultTransform`
functions and their configuration variables. The public API is stable for
a given major version number. It might get additions when the minor version
number increments.
**Protected members are not considered public API.** This is unconventional
and deserves an explanation. Incrementing the major version number every time
the underlying implementation of something changes is going to give
nonessential version numbers for the vast majority of people who just use the
parser. Protected members are meant to create parser subclasses that behave in
different ways. Very few people create parser subclasses. I don't want to
discourage it by making everything private, but at the same time I can't
guarantee any stable hook between versions if you use protected members.
**Syntax changes** will increment the minor number for new features, and the
patch number for small corrections. A *new feature* is something that needs a
change in the syntax documentation. Note that since PHP Markdown Lib includes
two parsers, a syntax change for either of them will increment the minor
number. Also note that there is nothing perfectly backward-compatible with the
Markdown syntax: all inputs are always valid, so new features always replace
something that was previously legal, although generally nonsensical to do.
Bugs
----
To file bug reports please send email to:
Please include with your report: (1) the example input; (2) the output you
expected; (3) the output PHP Markdown actually produced.
If you have a problem where Markdown gives you an empty result, first check
that the backtrack limit is not too low by running `php --info | grep pcre`.
See Installation and Requirement above for details.
Development and Testing
-----------------------
Pull requests for fixing bugs are welcome. Proposed new features are
going to be meticulously reviewed -- taking into account backward compatibility,
potential side effects, and future extensibility -- before deciding on
acceptance or rejection.
If you make a pull request that includes changes to the parser please add
tests for what is being changed to [MDTest][] and make a pull request there
too.
[MDTest]: https://github.com/michelf/mdtest/
Donations
---------
If you wish to make a donation that will help me devote more time to
PHP Markdown, please visit [michelf.ca/donate] or send Bitcoin to
[1HiuX34czvVPPdhXbUAsAu7pZcesniDCGH].
[michelf.ca/donate]: https://michelf.ca/donate/#!Thanks%20for%20PHP%20Markdown
[1HiuX34czvVPPdhXbUAsAu7pZcesniDCGH]: bitcoin:1HiuX34czvVPPdhXbUAsAu7pZcesniDCGH
Version History
---------------
PHP Markdown Lib 1.8.0 (14 Jan 2018)
* Autoloading with Composer now uses PSR-4.
* HTML output for Markdown Extra footnotes now include `role` attributes
with values from [WAI-ARIA](https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria/) to
make them more accessible.
(Thanks to Tobias Bengfort)
* In Markdown Extra, added the `hashtag_protection` configuration variable.
When set to `true` it prevents ATX-style headers with no space after the initial
hash from being interpreted as headers. This way your precious hashtags
are preserved.
(Thanks to Jaussoin Timothée for the implementation.)
PHP Markdown Lib 1.7.0 (29 Oct 2016)
* Added a `hard_wrap` configuration variable to make all newline characters
in the text become ` ` tags in the HTML output. By default, according
to the standard Markdown syntax these newlines are ignored unless they a
preceded by two spaces. Thanks to Jonathan Cohlmeyer for the implementation.
* Improved the parsing of list items to fix problematic cases that came to
light with the addition of `hard_wrap`. This should have no effect on the
output except span-level list items that ended with two spaces (and thus
ended with a line break).
* Added a `code_span_content_func` configuration variable which takes a
function that will convert the content of the code span to HTML. This can
be useful to implement syntax highlighting. Although contrary to its
code block equivalent, there is no syntax for specifying a language.
Credits to styxit for the implementation.
* Fixed a Markdown Extra issue where two-space-at-end-of-line hard breaks
wouldn't work inside of HTML block elements such as `
`
where the element expects only span-level content.
* In the parser code, switched to PHPDoc comment format. Thanks to
Robbie Averill for the help.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.6.0 (23 Dec 2015)
Note: this version was incorrectly released as 1.5.1 on Dec 22, a number
that contradicted the versioning policy.
* For fenced code blocks in Markdown Extra, can now set a class name for the
code block's language before the special attribute block. Previously, this
class name was only allowed in the absence of the special attribute block.
* Added a `code_block_content_func` configuration variable which takes a
function that will convert the content of the code block to HTML. This is
most useful for syntax highlighting. For fenced code blocks in Markdown
Extra, the function has access to the language class name (the one outside
of the special attribute block). Credits to Mario Konrad for providing the
implementation.
* The curled arrow character for the backlink in footnotes is now followed
by a Unicode variant selector to prevent it from being displayed in emoji
form on iOS.
Note that in older browsers the variant selector is often interpreted as a
separate character, making it visible after the arrow. So there is now a
also a `fn_backlink_html` configuration variable that can be used to set
the link text to something else. Credits to Dana for providing the
implementation.
* Fixed an issue in MarkdownExtra where long header lines followed by a
special attribute block would hit the backtrack limit an cause an empty
string to be returned.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.5.0 (1 Mar 2015)
* Added the ability start ordered lists with a number different from 1 and
and have that reflected in the HTML output. This can be enabled with
the `enhanced_ordered_lists` configuration variable for the Markdown
parser; it is enabled by default for Markdown Extra.
Credits to Matt Gorle for providing the implementation.
* Added the ability to insert custom HTML attributes with simple values
everywhere an extra attribute block is allowed (links, images, headers).
The value must be unquoted, cannot contains spaces and is limited to
alphanumeric ASCII characters.
Credits to Peter Droogmans for providing the implementation.
* Added a `header_id_func` configuration variable which takes a function
that can generate an `id` attribute value from the header text.
Credits to Evert Pot for providing the implementation.
* Added a `url_filter_func` configuration variable which takes a function
that can rewrite any link or image URL to something different.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.4.1 (4 May 2014)
* The HTML block parser will now treat `` as a block-level element
(as it should) and no longer wrap it in `
` or parse it's content with
the as Markdown syntax (although with Extra you can use `markdown="1"`
if you wish to use the Markdown syntax inside it).
* The content of `